【摘要】 目的:探讨与Moyamoya 病相关眼部临床特点和发生机制。法:回顾性分析74例Moyamoya病患者的临床资料和眼部症状。结果:74例Moyamoya病患者中眼部症状与其它症状同时发生者23例(31%),其中仅以眼部症状伴头痛表现为首发症状就诊者3例(4%);DSA检查显示单侧或双侧颈内动脉狭窄者24例(32%),其中3例患者双侧颈内动脉完全闭塞,而无任何眼部症状;23例患者所伴眼症表现(含合并有多种表现患者)主要为一过性黑朦13%,偏盲17%,视力下降甚至丧失44%,瞳孔大小异常13%,瞳孔直接/间接对光反射消失13%,上睑下垂9%,眼球震颤4%,眼球运动障碍13%,眼眶压痛9%。论:眼科医生应掌握Moyamoya 病的发病特点及临床表现,特别是对于有眼部症状的Moyamoya 病患者应该做到早期诊断,早期治疗,预防严重的视力下降。
【关键词】 Moyamoya病 颈动脉狭窄 眼部表现
Clinical feature of ocular presentations in Moyamoya disease
Zi-Yan Liang, Shi-Hui Wei, Mao-Nian Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
Abstract AIM: To probe the clinic characteristics and mechanisms of ocular onset features in patients with Moyamoya disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 74 patients who had Moyamoya disease, and the general clinic data and ocular findings were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 74 patients, 23 (31%) had ocular manifestations accompanied by other symptoms, including 3 (4.1%) with ocular syndrome accompanied with headache as the first symptoms of Moyamoya disease. Digital subtract angiography (DSA) examination revealed 24 patients (32.4%) had unilateral or double stenosis of internal carotid artery, among which 3 patients had ocular syndrome. All positive eye findings included amaurosis fugax (13%), hemianopia (17%), decline or loss of the visual ability and lesions of visual fields (44%), papillary size dysfunction (13%), pupil direct/indirect light reflex (13%), ptosis (9%), nystagmus (4%), ocular dyscinesia (13%), and fossa orbitalis tenderness (9%). CONCLUSION: Ophthalmologists should master the onset characteristics and clinical manifestation of Moyamoya disease. Early diagnosis and treatment is very important for prevention the vision deterioration, especially to patients with the ocular syndrome as the initial onset syndrome.
· KEYWORDS: Moyamoya disease; carotid artery stenosis; ocular onset presentation
0引言
Moyamoya 病(Moyamoya disease ,MMD),又称烟雾病 ,是一种以双侧颈内动脉狭窄或大脑前、大脑中动脉起始部动脉内膜缓慢增厚,动脉管腔逐渐狭窄以至闭塞,脑底穿通动脉代偿性扩张为特征的疾病。最先在1957 年由日本学者报道,1965年Suzuki首次将该病命名为Moyamoya病 。近年来,随着磁共振成像(MRI)数字减影血管造影(DSA)等技术的普及应用,对该病的诊断和认识水平不断提高。虽然关于MMD临床观察的报道较多,但探讨其临床特点与眼部表现的相互关系的研究尚不多。为此本文对近年在解放军总医院收治烟雾病患者的眼部症状情况进行了系统性回顾研究,以期对烟雾病相关眼症表现的临床特点和机制有一个较为全面的了解。现报告如下。
1对象和方法
回顾分析中国人民解放军总医院1990/2005年期间神经内科、神经外科和介入科住院的74例烟雾病患者的临床资料。参照日本厚生省烟雾病诊断标准(1996),入选本组的病例符合如下条件:(1)数字减影血管造影(DSA)/核磁共振血管造影(MRA)显示颈内动脉末端或大脑前、中动脉起始部狭窄或闭塞;(2)脑内出现异常血管网;(3)病变呈双侧性改变;(4)排除全身系统性疾病,如镰状细胞性贫血,动脉硬化,放射治疗后等所引起的烟雾现象;(5)排除包括糖尿病性视网膜病变、眼科先天性和遗传性疾病、白内障、原发性青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑病变等患者。患者中男33,女41例,男女之比为1∶1.3,女性略多于男性。首发年龄5~65(平均32.8±16.5)岁,儿童(≤16岁)18 例(24%, 中位数9.5岁),成人56例(76%,中位数28.5岁)。主要神经系统症状包括短暂性脑缺血发作、偏瘫、语言功能障碍、晕厥、记忆力减退等。其伴发的眼部症状有视力下降、黑矇、偏盲、瞳孔大小异常等。发病类型分为缺血性脑血管病(脑梗死、TIA等)52例(70%);出血性脑血管病(脑实质出血、脑室出血、蛛网膜下腔出血等)22例(30%)两种。本文回顾分析时着重对患者的一般资料、伴发的眼部表现及不同发病类型患者的眼部表现进行了相关性分析。
统计学处理:统计学分析由SPSS10.0软件完成,采用χ2检验,以P <0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
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