【摘要】 目的 探讨氪激光周边虹膜成形术对药物治疗无效的原发性闭角型青光眼的有效性。方法 10眼原发性闭角型青光眼患者,其中8眼为急性发作,2眼为慢性闭角型青光眼,经检查确诊后立即给予局部和全身降眼压药物治疗,72 h后眼压仍不能下降至40 mm Hg时行氪激光周边虹膜成形术,观察治疗前及治疗后30 min、1 h、2 h、24 h的视力、角膜水肿、眼压及前房角变化。结果 氪激光周边虹膜成形术30 min后,眼压从42~71 mm Hg降至25~62 mm Hg,平均下降21.2%;术后1 h眼压为15~37 mm Hg,平均下降58.5%;术后2 h眼压为11~25 mm Hg,平均下降71.6%;术后24 h眼压为9~16 mm Hg,均降至正常,平均下降79.9%。激光治疗后患者不适症状迅速缓解,视力快速提高,角膜水肿消退,前房角有不同程度的加宽。结论 氪激光周边虹膜成形术能机械性拉开房角,迅速降低原发性闭角型青光眼的眼压,起效快,并发症少,是药物治疗无效青光眼的一种安全有效的方法。
【关键词】 氪激光;激光周边虹膜成形术;青光眼;眼压
Krypton laser peripheral iridoplasty as treatment for medically unresponsive angle-closure glaucoma
KANG Jie,FAN Gui-min.Department of Ophthalmology,The People’s Hospital of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050051,China
[Abstract] Objective To evalute the intraocular pressure-lowering effects of krypton laser peripheral iridoplasty for medically unresponsive primary angle-closure glaucoma.Methods 10 patients were included,8 were acute attack ,2 were chronic angle-closure glaucome .They were prescribed topical and systemic IOP-lowering drugs.72 hours later,IOP is still above or equal 40 mm Hg.Visual acuity,corneal edema,IOP and the angle of anterior chamber were observed preoperatively and 30min,1 h,2 h,24 h postoperatively.Results 30 min after treatment,IOP decreased from 42~71 mm Hg to 25~52 mm Hg,21.2% decreased in average;1 h later,IOP were 15~37 mm Hg,58.5% decreased in average;2 h later,IOP were 11~25 mm Hg,71.6% decreased in average;24 h later,IOP were 9~16 mm Hg,79.9% decreased in average.After laser treatment, the uncomfortable symptoms were resolved quickly and visual acuity rose fasten with corneal edema dispeared and the anterior chamber-angle widened differently.Conclusion Laser peripheral iridoplasty can mechanically open the anterior chamber angle and rapidly reduce the IOP of the primary angle-closure glaucoma with few complications.It is an effective and safety method for medically unresponsive glaucoma.
[Key words] krypton laser;laser peripheral iridoplasty; glaucoma;intraocular pressure
原发性急性闭角型青光眼的急性发作是眼科的急症之一,因为周边虹膜组织阻塞前房角导致急剧升高,导致眼痛、眼红、视力下降、头痛、恶心、呕吐等症状,应尽快开放前房角,降低眼压,挽救和保护视功能。传统的方法是应用全身和局部降眼压药物治疗,待眼压控制后行周边虹膜切除术或小梁切除术,但有一些患者使用足够的全身和局部降眼压药物后也不能使眼压下降。还有一些慢性闭角型青光眼患者虽然无明显临床症状,但其眼压经充分的药物治疗眼压仍居高不下。高眼压时间过长可导致不可逆的视功能损害,高眼压状态下的抗青光眼手术比眼处在安静状态下时危险大得多,更容易发生术中和术后并发症。笔者用氪激光周边虹膜成形术对药物治疗无效的原发性闭角型青光眼进行治疗,取得了较好的降眼压效果,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 所有患者均来自我院眼科门诊,共10例10眼,急性发作期8眼,慢性闭角型青光眼2眼,男4例,女6例,年龄51~72岁,平均64.1岁,右眼6只,左眼4只,急性发作期患者均有眼胀痛、偏头痛、恶心、呕吐等症状及不同程度的瞳孔开大和角膜水肿,慢性闭角型青光眼患者无明显临床症状,因视野受损来就诊,眼压42~81 mm Hg,根据病史、症状和裂隙灯、眼压检查明确诊断为原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作或慢性闭角型青光眼。就诊时视力眼前手动~0.2。
1.2 仪器设备 多波长氪激光仪(美国Coherent公司生产,型号为Novus Omni),裂隙灯显微镜(苏州医疗器械厂生产,型号为YZ-2A),非接触眼压计(美国Leica公司生产,型号为AT-550),Abraham接触镜(美国Ocular公司生产),前房角镜(美国Ocular公司生产)。
1.3 方法 经临床检查确诊为原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作或慢性闭角型青光眼后,立即给予1%匹罗卡品滴眼液,10 min点眼1次,共5次,后改为每日4次,0.25%噻吗心安滴眼液点眼,每日2次,口服乙酰唑胺和静脉滴注甘露醇,72 h后眼压仍不能降至40 mm Hg以下者,征得患者的知情同意后行氪激光周边虹膜成形术。
患眼1%丁卡因表面麻醉后放置Abraham接触镜;应用多波长氪激光仪,选择绿激光,光斑直径500 μm,时间0.5 s,能量500 mW,进行虹膜根部360°光凝,治疗过程中随时调整激光能量,以激光斑周围虹膜收缩,无气泡形成和色素溢出且无爆破为宜,激光斑尽量靠近虹膜根部,两个激光斑间距一个光斑直径,激光斑共25~34个。
激光治疗后患眼给予1%匹罗卡品滴眼液点眼,每日4次,0.25%噻吗心安滴眼液点眼,每日2次,复方妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液点眼,每日4次。
分别于治疗前及治疗后30 min、1 h、2 h、24 h检查视力,用裂隙灯显微镜观察角膜、前房深度、瞳孔,用非接触眼压计测量眼压,用前房角镜检查房角状态。
2 结果
2.1 裂隙灯显微镜检查 对周边虹膜进行激光治疗时,可观察到虹膜收缩变平,周边前房变深。治疗后30 min、1 h、2 h、24 h均可见角膜水肿减轻或消退,周边前房深度增加,瞳孔药物性缩小,前房闪辉轻度增加,虹膜根部可见激光收缩斑。
2.2 视力 治疗后30 min视力FC~0.3,治疗后1 h视力0.1~0.6,治疗后2 h 视力0.2~0.8,治疗后24 h视力0.3~1.2。
2.3 眼压 治疗后30 min平均眼压48.3 mm Hg,较治疗前下降21.2%;治疗后1 h平均眼压25.4 mm Hg,较治疗前下降58.5%;治疗后2 h平均眼压17.6 mm Hg,较治疗前下降71.4%;治疗后24 h平均眼压12.3 mm Hg,较治疗前下降79.9%。治疗后30 min眼压与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后1 h、2 h、24 h眼压与治疗前比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。
2.4 房角镜检查 治疗前全部房角均为关闭状态,治疗后24 h 6眼房角开放,2眼房角部分开放。
2.5 并发症 激光治疗后有轻度的虹膜炎,无角膜损伤和眼压较术前增高的现象发生,未见其他并发症发生。
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