【摘要】 目的 分析不同屈光组模糊阈值之间的差异,探讨模糊阈值在近视发生发展中的可能作用机制。方法 38名志愿者参加本实验,正视组15位,等效球镜度为0.50~-0.50 D;近视组23位,其中稳定性近视组17位,屈光不正平均为(-4.76±1.40)D,进展性近视组6位,屈光不正平均为(-3.33±1.43)D。受试者在屈光全矫基础上,采用JND标准测量模糊阈值。结果 正视组模糊阈值为(0.21±0.06)D,稳定性近视组为(0.27±0.05)D,进展性近视组为(0.33±0.06)D。近视组的模糊阈值高于正视组(P=0.001),近视组中,进展性近视组的模糊阈值高于稳定性近视组(P=0.028)。结论 近视对模糊的敏感度下降,其中进展性近视的敏感度下降更显著,这可能是近视调节滞后增加的部分原因。
【关键词】 模糊阈值;调节滞后;稳定性近视;进展性近视
* The School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou China,325027
[Abstract] Objective This study compared the ability of myopes and emmetropes to subjectively detect the presence of retinal defocus. Methods Subjects (15 emmetropes, 17 stable myopes, 6 progressive myopes) monocularly viewed a row of letters one or two lines above their best distance visual acuity through +1.00 D lenses placed over their best distance correction. Plus lenses were added in 0.12 D steps until subjects reported a just noticeable difference (JND) in blur. Results The mean blur thresholds for emmetropes, stable myopes and progressing myopes were (0.21±0.06)D, (0.27±0.05)D and (0.33±0.06)D, respectively. The blur threshold was significantly higher in myopes than emmetropes(P=0.001). A higher blur threshold was also found in progressing myopes compared to stable myopes (P=0.028). Conclusion These results demonstrate that myopes are less sensitive to the presence of blur, and this may in part explain the phenomenon that myopes show a greater accommodative lag. Additionally, the reduced blur threshold in myopes, especially in progressing myopes, may play a significant role in the development and progression of myopia.
[Key words] blur threshold; accommodation lag; stable myopia; progressive myopia
视觉功能的研究提示视觉的发育是由视觉反馈控制系统引导的,其中起最主要作用的是视觉图像的质量,视网膜图像的离焦可能是近视眼眼轴延长的诱因[1,2]。以往研究显示近视眼对模糊刺激的调节反应低于正视眼,近距离工作时近视眼有较大的调节滞后,视近时物体落在视网膜之后,形成较大的远视性视网膜离焦[3~5];而且,发展为近视的正视眼的调节滞后就已经大于最终没有发展为近视的正视眼[6,7]。
目前近视眼调节滞后增加的原因尚不明确。根据Jiang[8]改良的调节控制模型,推测近视眼调节反应滞后的可能有三种原因:模糊信号输入过程有效性降低、视觉信息处理中枢对视网膜离焦的敏感度下降以及输出装置(睫状肌和晶状体) 效率降低。之前少数学者对近视眼的模糊敏感度进行了一些研究,如Thorn等[9]、Rosenfield等[10]。但前者没有直接测量受试者的模糊阈值,而后者实验中Badal空间里的模糊刺激缺乏近感知以及其他视觉线索,因此有必要在更接近自然视物情况的自由空间中测量不同屈光组的模糊阈值。另外,先前的研究中均没有对近视进行进一步分组,而对处于近视发展阶段的进展性近视的研究可能更有助于探讨近视的病因学因素。本研究采用临床常用的模糊阈(blur just noticeable difference,JND)标准,即初次的持续的轻微模糊标准,在真实自由空间中测量正视眼、稳定性近视眼以及进展性近视眼的模糊阈值,并探讨模糊敏感度在近视发生发展过程中可能发挥的作用。
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