3.3 睫状肌麻痹后角膜屈光力的变化 既往认为调节时只会使晶状体发生改变,角膜屈光力不会发生变化[2]。随着近年来角膜测量仪器的发展,角膜的测量指标也日趋准确和完善。近年来许多研究发现调节时角膜屈光力增加[3-4,10-12]。Yasuda等[3]通过对成年人角膜在调节中的变化进行研究表明,调节时角膜屈光力平均增加0.60~0.72 D。Saitoh等[4]进一步研究了角膜前表面和后表面的变化,结果表明,在调节过程中角膜前后表面的屈光力都增加。本研究结果表明,儿童远视眼睫状肌麻痹后角膜屈光力减小,与既往对成年人的研究结论一致;但儿童近视眼睫状肌麻痹前后角膜屈光力未发生变化,可能与其日常使用的调节力较小有关。对于调节过程中角膜屈光力增加这一现象的机制,Yasuda等[11]解释为睫状肌的三种肌纤维收缩,使巩膜突环直径变小,起始于巩膜突的子午纤维向内牵拉巩膜突和小梁网,平行于角膜缘的环形纤维牵拉角膜缘处,从而使角膜弯曲度变大,屈光力增加。
3.4 睫状肌麻痹后前房深度的变化 目前研究认为,调节过程中晶状体厚度增加,其前表面前移,后表面后移,所以前房深度变浅[9,13]。本研究结果表明,睫状肌麻痹后前房深度加深,与以上研究结论一致。有文献报道,调节对前房深度的影响随着年龄增加而减小[14],这一变化可以用Schachar的理论进行解释:晶状体属于外胚叶组织,终生都在生长;而巩膜则属于中胚叶组织,13岁以后不再发生变化,因此,晶状体与睫状体之间的距离逐年缩短。肌学的生理特点是附着点之间的距离越短,作用越弱。故随着年龄增长,调节力逐渐下降,前房深度的变化逐渐减小[15]。
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