Jingsheng Tuo
National Eye Institute， National Institutes of Health， Bethesda， MD， USA
Purpose：Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the United States. Although the treatment of AMD has evolved to include laser photocoagulation， photodynamic therapy， surgical macular translocation， and anti-angiogenesis agents， treatment options for advanced AMD are limited. Furthermore， the dry form of AMD， albeit less devastating than the wet form， has even fewer viable treatment options. This presentation summarizes the various biomarkers of AMD and intends to analyze whether they may one day be exploited to determine risks of disease onset， to measure progression of disease or even to assess the effects of treatment of AMD.Method：Literature review and summary of our new data.
Result：Many genetic markers and biomaerkers have been reported to correlate with AMD. They include genetic variation markers， inflammation markers， and nutrient markers.
Conclusion：Potential biomarkers are important to identify as some may be utilized to reflect a particular patient’s disease state and to individualize therapy. Although studies have yielded promising Results for nutrient and inflammatory biomarkers， some of theResults have been inconsistent. At present， the best available markers of AMD risk are certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs in complement factor H and PLEKHA1/LOC387715/HtrA1 capture a substantial fraction of AMD risk and permit the identification of individuals at high risk of developing AMD.
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