作者:朱良勇,贺自力,袁牧之,陈凤莲,张鸿敏 作者单位:(广西柳州市工人医院,广西医科大学第四附属医院眼视光科,广西柳州545005)
【摘要】目的 比较单区和多区切削准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)矫治高度近视在安全性、有效性、预测性和稳定性方面的远期效果。方法 40例(78眼)角膜薄的高度近视患者分为单区切削治疗组(A组)和多区切削治疗组(B组),分别行单区切削和多区切削LASIK矫治,随诊5年以上,分析比较术前和术后角膜厚度、屈光度、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力的变化以及术后并发症发生情况。结果 术后5年两组裸眼视力显著提高,屈光度和角膜厚度显著降低(P<0.01),两组之间术后裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光度差异无显著性(P>0.05),术后剩余角膜厚度差异有高度显著性(P<0.01)。结论 单区切削与多区切削LASIK手术有效性、预测性、稳定性、安全性差异无显著性;在节省角膜组织方面,多区切削比单区切削更有优势。
【关键词】 眼;角膜切削术,屈光性,准分子激光;近视
Comparison of long-term efficacy between S-LASIK and M-LASIK for high myopia
ZHU Liang-yong, HE Zhi-li, YUAN Mu-zhi, CHEN Feng-lian, ZHANG Hong-min
(Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, China)
Abstract: Objective To compare of the safety, effectiveness, predictability and stability of single optical zone (S-LASIK) and multi-optical zone (M-LASIK) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for treatment of high myopia. Methods 78 eyes of 40 cases with high myopia and thin corneas were divided into single-zone group (group A) and multi-zone group (group B). The patients received S-LASIK and M-LASIK treatment with a 60-month follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative corneal thickness, refraction, uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity changes and complications were analyzed. Results Both groups had better uncorrected visual acuity, decreased refraction and corneal thickness 60 months after operation (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, refraction between the two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in the residual corneal thickness (P<0.01). Conclusion There was no significant difference in efficacy, predictability, stability and safety between single-zone and multi-zone LASIK for patients with thin cornea high myopia, while in saving cornea tissues, the multi-zone LASIK is superior to single-zone LASIK. Key words: eyes; keratectomy, photorefractive, excimer laser; myopia
准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)治疗近视的有效性、预测性、安全性已得到肯定,但对角膜偏薄的高度近视患者,其LASIK手术方案仍有不同观点。现将我院对角膜薄的高度近视患者行单区与多区切削LASIK治疗结果报告如下。
1 资料及方法
1.1 一般资料 40例(78眼)角膜薄的高度近视患者,其中男18例(35眼),女22例(43眼);年龄20~37岁,平均25.7岁;近视度数-(8.0~11.0)DS,散光0~-3.0DC,等值球镜(9.35±1.45)D;角膜厚度463~498μm[(484±8.4)μm]。患者随机分为单区切削治疗组(A组)和多区切削治疗组(B组),A组20例38眼,B组20人40眼。病例入选标准:①角膜厚度在460~500μm之间;②屈光度(等值球镜)在-(8.0D~11.0)D之间;③矫正视力≥1.0;④年龄20~40岁,屈光度数稳定2年以上;⑤随访时间1年以上;⑥无LASIK手术禁忌证。
1.2 术前检查 常规行裂隙灯显微镜、三面镜眼底检查、 角膜地形图、眼压、角膜测厚、电脑验光、散瞳检影、主观验光等检查。配戴软性角膜接触镜者术前停戴2周以上。
1.3 手术设备 采用法国Moriia Ⅱ旋转式自动微型板层角膜刀制瓣,刀头为110#(角膜瓣厚度计为130μm);准分子激光切削采用日本NIDEK公司EC-5000CX Ⅱ型准分子激光机完成。
1.4 手术方法 表面麻醉后制作一直径7.5mm、厚度130μm、上方带蒂的角膜瓣,掀开角膜瓣后在跟踪系统主动跟踪下对角膜基质层进行激光切削。在保证剩余角膜基质床厚度≥250μm的前提下,根据术前预矫屈光度数和角膜厚度等设计治疗方案。A组光学切削区直径为5.0~5.5mm,过渡(修边)区0.5~1.0 mm;B组分2~3区切削,第一区光学区切削直径4.8~5.0mm,第二、第三区光学区切削直径5.0~5.5 mm,过渡区0.5~1.0mm。切削完毕,复位角膜瓣,层间冲洗后滴抗生素眼液,戴塑料透明眼罩。手术设计和手术实施由同一名医师完成。
1.5 术后用药和复诊 术后用0.1%泰利必妥眼水,每日4次共1周;0.1%氟米龙眼水每周依次4次、3次、2次、1次共用4周;0.1%爱丽眼水每日4次共3个月。术后1个月、3个月、6个月、60个月复诊,测裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、眼压、角膜地形图、角膜厚度、裂隙灯检查。术后屈光度参考电脑验光,以患者最终接受试矫屈光度为标准。
1.6 统计学处理 数据应用统计软件包SPSS 12.0处理,计数资料比较采用χ2检验,计量资料比较采用t检验。
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