【摘要】 目的:观察小切口手法碎核白内障摘除术治疗白内障合并高度近视的临床效果和安全性。方法:对61例78眼采用小切口手法碎核白内障摘除术联合低度数大直径人工晶状体植入术,观察术后视力,屈光状态及手术并发症。术后随访6~24mo。结果:78眼均成功植入人工晶状体,视力都有不同程度的提高,术后3mo时最佳矫正视力<0.1者2眼,0.1~0.4者26眼,>0.4者50眼;大部分患者残留低度的近视屈光状态;后囊膜混浊12眼;术中未发生前囊膜撕裂和后囊膜破裂等并发症;无视网膜脱离和黄斑囊样水肿的发生。结论:小切口手法碎核白内障摘除术联合低度数大直径人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并高度近视,具有临床效果佳、手术安全性高及并发症少的优点,在经济条件相对落后的地区,值得推广应用。
【关键词】 小切口;白内障;高度近视
Investigation of effect of manual small incision cataract surgery on cataract with high myopia
Jun Cai, XiaoJun Zhang,Jin Liu
Department of Ophthalmology, Eastern Hospital,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
AbstractAIM: To observe clinical effect and safety of manual small incision cataract surgery on cataract with high myopia. METHODS: A total of 78 eyes of 61 patients received manual small incision cataract surgery with lowdegree and largediameter intraocular lens implantation. The postoperative visual acuity, refractive status, and surgical complications were observed. Patients were followed up 6 to 24 months after operation.
RESULTS: A total of 78 eyes were successfully implanted in intraocular lens. Their visual acuity improved to varied degrees. The best corrected visual acuity of 2 eyes were<0.1 at 3 months after operation, twentysix eyes were between 0.1 and 0.4, fifty eyes were>0.4. The majority of patients remained a low degree of residual myopia refractive state. Twelve eyes suffered from posterior capsular opacification. Anterior capsule tear and posterior capsule rupture or other complications did not happen during surgery. There was no retinal detachment or cystoid macular edema.CONCLUSION: Manual small incision cataract surgery with lowdegree and largediameter intraocular lens implantation has advantages such as good clinical effect, high operative security and fewer complications. In the regions where economic conditions are relatively backward, it is worthy of popularization.
KEYWORDS:small incision; cataract; high myopia
0引言
随着现代显微手术技术的发展和改进,小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术以术后反应轻、愈合快、散光小、视力恢复迅速稳定等优点成为现代白内障手术的发展趋势之一。由于高度近视眼在解剖学和病理学上的特殊性:眼轴长、晶状体悬韧带松弛、脆弱,存在玻璃体液化、变性和后脱离等病理改变,其白内障手术难度大,并发症发生率相对也较高。我院自2005年开始采用小切口手法碎核白内障摘除及低度数大直径人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并高度近视眼,取得良好效果,现将结果报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
收集200506/200712在我院就诊的白内障合并高度近视患者61例78眼,男27例35眼,女34例43眼;年龄49~81(平均63)岁。术前裸眼视力为手动/眼前~0.12,矫正视力手动/眼前~0.4,近视度数6.00~ 18.00D,眼轴长度25.64~34.58(平均28.48±2.31)mm。人工晶状体屈光度数的计算:采用A超测得眼轴长度,采用电脑验光仪测量角膜曲率,人工晶状体屈光度数采用第三代经验公式(sanders retzlaff kvafft formular,SRKF)计算,并预留0.75 ~3.00 D的屈光度。材料和器械:人工晶状体均选用Corneal公司生产的光学直径6.0mm的IVI人工晶状体[度数为4.00~+9.00(平均+4.02)D];黏弹剂选用玻璃酸钠注射液(爱维),乳酸钠林格氏注射液,圈垫器,劈核刀和撕囊镊等。
1.2方法
术前按白内障手术常规准备,积极向患者做好解释工作,消除其紧张情绪,以便能很好地配合手术。术前3d,常规滴氧氟沙星滴眼液(泰利必妥)4~5次/d。术前0.5h,滴复方托比卡胺(美多丽)充分散瞳,常规冲洗结膜囊。表面麻醉药为4g/L盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液(倍诺喜),术前30min开始滴眼3次,每次间隔10min,常规消毒前双眼各滴倍诺喜1次。术中视患者耐受情况,可追加Tenon囊下麻醉。以上方穹窿部为基底,于11∶30~12∶30方位球结膜切开,适当双极电凝止血后,于角膜巩膜缘后1mm的巩膜面作一个弦长5.5~6.0mm,反眉弓状1/2板层巩膜切口,层间分离至透明角膜内1.5~2.0mm,使用15°穿刺刀于9∶00方位做透明角膜侧切口,前房注入黏弹剂;用双刃刀刺入前房,并向两侧呈水平方向扩大内切口至6.0~6.5mm;用撕囊镊行直径5.5mm环形撕囊,或以自制1mm注射针头行开罐式截囊;充分水分离和水分层,双手法将晶状体核旋拨至前房;再次注入黏弹剂,伸入3mm×8mm椭圆形圈垫器,使晶状体核后极部稳定于圈垫器内,用切核刀沿圈垫器将晶状体核劈成两块,随圈垫器娩出在圈垫器内的核块;用注吸管吸除皮质,上方皮质可通过侧切吸除,并作后囊膜抛光;前房及囊袋内注入黏弹剂后,将人工晶状体植入囊袋内;尽量置换出黏弹剂,包括采用后抽吸法直接吸除人工晶状体后面的黏弹剂;水闭侧切口,复位结膜瓣,镊子夹闭;结膜囊内涂以3g/L妥布霉素+1g/L地塞米松眼膏(典必殊)。
2结果
2.1术后视力
术后61例78眼视力较术前均有不同程度的提高,术后3mo裸眼视力<0.1者4眼(5%),0.1~0.4者52眼(67%),>0.4者22眼(28%);最佳矫正视力<0.1者2眼(3%),0.1~0.4者26眼(33%),>0.4者50眼(64%)。
2.2屈光状态
大部分患者残留低度的近视屈光状态,术后3mo屈光度为+0.25~2.75D,术后实际屈光度数与预留屈光度数相差不多。
2.3手术并发症
全部术眼术后炎症反应轻微,瞳孔圆;术中未发生前囊膜撕裂和后囊膜破裂等并发症。术后9眼出现角膜内皮水肿(12%),短期内缓解。一过性眼压升高8眼(10%),经侧切口放房水和抗青光眼治疗1~2d后眼压降至正常。随访6~24(平均12)mo,12眼出现后囊膜混浊(15%)。其中4眼轻度影响视力,未做处理,8眼行晶状体后囊膜激光治疗后恢复。
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