【摘要】 目的:探讨结膜印迹细胞学检查在干眼症诊断中的作用。方法:收集200804/200809眼科门诊干眼症患者36例72眼,正常人10例20眼,采用结膜印迹细胞学检查联合PAS染色,观察各组结膜上皮细胞和杯状细胞形态及数量变化情况。结果:在形态学方面,97%的正常人表现为Nelson分级中的0级,84%轻度干眼症患者表现为Nelson分级中的1级,79%中度干眼症患者符合Nelson分级中的2级,98%重度干眼症患者符合Nelson分级中的3级;在高倍镜下任意选取五个视野,统计杯状细胞的数量,轻度干眼症组(101.67±15.64),中度干眼症组(40.77±5.39)及重度干眼症组(6.36±3.61)较正常组(196.10±22.53)相比,杯状细胞数量明显减少,P<0.01,重度与轻中度干眼症组比较,前者杯状细胞数量明显少于后两者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:结膜印迹细胞学检查操作简单易行,结果客观精确,联合其他检查方法用于干眼症诊断,有着良好的应用前景。
【关键词】 结膜印迹细胞学;干眼症;分级
Application of conjunctival blotting cytological examination in diagnosis of dry eye
Yan Liu
Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, Hunan Province,China
AbstractAIM:To evaluate the effect of conjunctival blotting cytological examination in dry eye diagnosis.METHODS: Totally 36 patients 72 eyes with dry eye syndrome from April 2008 to September 2008 and 10 normal volunteers 20 eyes were analyzed. Conjunctival blotting cytology combined PAS staining were applied.Conjunctival epithelial cells and the number, morphology and changes of goblet cells were observed.RESULTS: Morphologically, 97% of the normal volunteer presented the Nelson grade 0, 84% of mild dry eye patients presented the Nelson grade 1, 79% of moderate dry eye patients presented the Nelson grade 2, 98% of severe dry eye patients presented the Nelson grade 3; The number of goblet cells was calculated using five visual fields randomly under high magnification. There was significantas decrease in dry eye group (mild:101.67±15.64, moderate:40.77±5.39, severe:6.36±3.61) compared with normal group (196.10±22.53,P<0.01);There was significant decreased in severe dry eye group than in mild or moderate dry eye group and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Conjunctival blotting cytological examination is asimple, accurate and objective method, when combined with other examination methods, it has good prospects for diagnosis of dry eye.
KEYWORDS: conjunctival impression cytology; dry eye; classification
0引言
干眼症作为一种常见的慢性眼表疾病,任何年龄组均可发病[1],临床常见于老年女性。近年来,随着电脑、空调的普及和应用,发病率正逐步上升并呈现年轻化发展趋势。临床诊断干眼症常用的检查方法主要包括泪膜破裂时间(break up time, BUT)、泪液分泌试验(Schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt)和角膜荧光素染色(corneal fluorescein staining, FL)等,但缺乏特异性高的检查指标。我们对本院门诊确诊的36例72眼干眼症患者行结膜印迹细胞学检查,为确诊干眼症提供一项客观准确的检查方法。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 收集我院眼科门诊200804/200809干眼症患者36例72眼,其中男11例22眼,女25例50眼,男女比例1∶2.27,年龄17~66(平均43.3±8.7)岁。正常人10例20眼作为对照。
1.2方法
1.2.1患者主诉 眼干涩、视疲劳、眼痒、视力波动、异物感、烧灼感、眼红、眼胀眼痛、畏光流泪等。其中0分无症状;1分为出现上述症状频率<3次/wk;休息可缓解;5分经常出现,影响生活质量和工作,用药缓解;9分持续出现,严重影响生活质量,用药不能缓解。有症状者按照轻、中、重程度分三级,共1~9分[2]。
1.2.2 BUT 10g/L荧光素钠滴1滴于结膜囊内,嘱患者轻眨眼使其涂布均匀,观察最后一次瞬目后睁眼至角膜出 表1干眼症的轻、中、重度的分级
干眼症相关症状(分)BUT(s)角膜荧光素染色(分)SⅠt(mm/5min)正常0≥100≥10轻度1~37~91~47~9中度4~64~65~84~6重度7~90~39~120~3
表2不同组别结膜杯状细胞个数量改变情况(±s,n=92)
正常组轻度干眼症组中度干眼症组重度干眼症组眼数20362214杯状细胞/个数196.10±22.53101.67±15.64b,d,f40.77±5.39b,d6.36±3.61b
bP<0.01 vs 正常组;dP<0.01 vs 重度干眼症组;fP<0.01 vs 中度干眼症组。
现第1个黑斑的时间。BUT>10s者正常,5s
1.2.3 SⅠt 反映基础泪液分泌量,在自然光照下,用盐酸丙美卡因滴眼液(爱尔康公司)表面麻醉后,将泪液检测滤纸条(天津晶明新技术开发有限公司)沿一端反折5mm置于眼睑中外部1/3处结膜囊内,尽量避免接触角膜,5min后取出,测量湿长。湿长>10mm为正常,5~10mm者为低分泌,≤5mm者可诊断为干眼症。
1.2.4 FL染色 阳性代表角膜上皮缺损,提示角膜上皮细胞层的不连续性。荧光素染色的程度分为0~3级,荧光素染色阴性为0分,点状荧光素染色<5点为1分,>5点为2分,有丝状或块状荧光素染色则为3分。然后将角膜分为鼻上、鼻下、颞上及颞下4个象限,每一象限均按以上原则评定。这样角膜总的染色程度分为0~12分[2],规定评分<1分为正常。
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