【摘要】 目的 评价羊膜移植治疗眼热烧伤(化学伤)早期角膜溶解(伤后10~20 d)的效果。方法 回顾性研究。选择2004年6月至2006年6月在唐山市眼科医院就诊的眼热烧伤(化学伤)早期角膜溶解施行冰冻羊膜移植手术患者30例(30眼)作为手术组,2004年之前30例(30眼)眼热烧伤(化学伤)早期角膜溶解保守治疗病例作为对照组。比较两组中角膜上皮修复程度、基质水肿状态、视力变化及角膜新生血管生长等情况。结果 手术组中28例手术后7~15 d角膜溶解区修复,角膜上皮完全愈合,基质水肿减轻,视力有不同程度的提高;2例术后角膜继续溶解,采用保守治疗效果不佳,再次行羊膜移植治疗后,角膜上皮完全愈合。对照组中10例在保守治疗7~15 d后角膜溶解区修复,基质水肿减轻,视力不同程度提高;10例角膜溶解区部分修复,基质水肿状态与视力变化不明显;10例溶解范围继续加深、扩大,基质水肿无减轻,视力下降。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有病例均有新生血管生长,手术组新生血管较对照组少且较细小。结论 羊膜移植手术有利于早期溶解角膜的修复,对于结膜及角膜缘损伤较严重的患者需多次予羊膜移植手术治疗。该手术步骤简单,效果显著,值得推广。
【关键词】 羊膜移植;眼烧伤;溶解;角膜
Amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment of early corneal dissolution
SHAN Xiushui, LI Shilong.
Tangshan Ophthalmology Hospital, Tangshan China, 063000
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the effect of treating early corneal dissolution from environmental burns (chemical injury) with amniotic membrane transplantation 10 to 20 days after injury. Methods This was a retrospective study. Thirty cases of early corneal dissolution caused by environmental burns (chemical injury) between June 2004 and June 2006 who were treated with amniotic membrane transplantation (the surgery group) were included in the study. Records from another 30 cases treated with traditional methods before 2004 were collected as the control group. The differences in the repair of the corneal epithelium and stromal edema, improvement of visual acuity and growth of corneal neovascularization between the two groups were compared. Results The corneal epithelium completely healed in 28 cases in the surgery group, stromal edema was reduced, and visual acuity was improved. The corneal epithelium continued to dissolve in 2 cases and amniotic membrane transplantation was repeated, resulting in a complete healing of the corneal epithelium. In 10 cases in the control group, the corneal epithelium completely healed, stromal edema was reduced, and visual acuity was improved. In 10 cases, corneal dissolution was partly restored but there was no obvious improvement in stromal edema or visual acuity. There was deterioration in 10 cases. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Neovascular growth was found in all of the cases, but neovascularity was less frequent and more restricted in the surgery group. Conclusion Amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective treatment for early corneal dissolution. Patients whose conjunctiva and corneal limbus are seriously injured can repeatedly undergo surgery with amniotic membrane transplantation. The surgery is simple, effective, and information about this technique should be disseminated widely.
[Key words] amniotic membrane transplantation; eyes burn; dissolve; cornea
我国为工业大国,眼部热烧伤(化学伤)发生率较高,该病严重地影响了患者的视力健康,但目前临床上对热烧伤缺乏有效的治疗措施。探寻有效的治疗方法成为眼科临床的一大目标。唐山市眼科医院自2004年以来对热烧伤致早期角膜溶解患者行冷冻保存羊膜移植手术治疗,取得较满意疗效,现将回顾性结果报告如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 对象 手术组:选择2004年6月-2006年6月间至唐山市眼科医院就诊的眼热烧伤(化学伤)患者30例(30眼),均为男性,年龄20~52岁,平均(36.6±13.8)岁,右眼20例,左眼10例。对照组:2004年之前至该院就诊的眼热烧伤(化学伤)患者30例(30眼),均为男性,年龄18~60岁,平均(42.8±10.4)岁,右眼14例,左眼16例。其中手术组2例球结膜大面积缺血(>180°),角膜缘受损缺血大于180°,角膜溶解达深基质层接近缺血区;8例球结膜缺血范围达90°~180°,角膜缘受损缺血小于180°,角膜溶解达浅基质层;20例球结膜缺血小于90°,角膜缘受损缺血小于90°,角膜溶解达浅基质层。对照组1例球结膜大面积缺血(>180°),角膜缘受损缺血大于180°,角膜溶解达深基质层接近缺血区;7例球结膜缺血范围达90°~180°,角膜缘受损缺血小于180°,角膜溶解达浅基质层;22例球结膜缺血小于90°,角膜缘受损缺血小于90°,角膜溶解达浅基质层。角膜溶解面积大小不一,最大达5 mm×10 mm,最小为3 mm×6 mm。手术组在发生溶解后3~7 d行手术治疗,对照组均采取加压包扎的保守治疗。因部分眼热烧伤患者的部分角膜缘干细胞在烧伤急性期(伤后1周之内)处于休克状态,经保守治疗可恢复部分功能,故为尽量保存角膜缘干细胞,我们选择在急性期过后如角膜溶解发生再行羊膜移植手术治疗。
1.2 羊膜的制备与保存 在无菌条件下获取剖宫产健康产妇的羊膜,用无菌生理盐水冲洗干净(至少3遍),用生理盐水与妥布霉素混合液(0.2 g/L)浸泡15 min,剪成3 cm×3 cm大小,分装入无菌、无水甘油小瓶中,24 h后置换无水甘油瓶,蜡封瓶口,于超低温冰箱(-80℃)保存备用。最长保存时间为3个月。
1.3 羊膜移植手术 术前将冷冻保存羊膜放入生理盐水中反复冲洗10 min,使其充分复水,然后浸泡于生理盐水与妥布霉素混合液(0.2 g/L)中15 min备用。眼部局麻后,距角膜溶解区边缘1 mm以尖刀切除溶解角膜(必须全部切除),若累及角膜缘,则清除角膜缘处溶解组织及缺血坏死球结膜组织,取修剪过的等大羊膜,上皮面向上平铺于角膜创面,以10-0尼龙线间断缝合于角膜上,羊膜断端与角膜创面边缘(球结膜创缘)需对合良好,包埋线结。若溶解深度已达角膜深基质层,则可取多层羊膜填垫角膜创面,再以10-0尼龙线间断缝合。最后,另取一块羊膜上皮面向上覆盖整个角膜,在12∶00、3∶00、6∶00、9∶00位以10-0尼龙线间断固定于浅层巩膜上。所有手术均由同一医师完成,术中、术后无并发症出现。
1.4 术后处理 四头带加压包扎术眼7~15 d,每日裂隙灯下观察羊膜情况,换药,涂红霉素眼膏,贝复舒滴眼液每天4次点眼,术后7 d拆除外层遮盖羊膜缝线,术后15 d拆除羊膜植片缝线。裂隙灯下荧光素钠染色观察角膜上皮修复情况。分别在术后7 d及术后15 d记录角膜上皮修复程度、基质水肿状态、视力及角膜新生血管生长等情况。
1.5 统计学方法 采用SPSS 12.0统计软件包,应用?字2检验对两组的结果进行分析。
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