近日，来自新南威尔士大学、新加坡眼科研究所和华柏恩视觉研究中心(Brien Holden Vision Institute)的研究者在国际杂志Ophthalmology上刊文称，截止到2050年全球大约会有一半人(50亿)会发展成为近视，如果这种趋势一直发展下去的话，其中会有五分之一的人群(10亿)机体失明的风险会明显增加。
从2000年至2050年，因高度近视引发的视力丧失的人群数量会增加七倍，而在全球范围内近视则是引发持久性失明的主要的原因。“当前全球近视流行率的激增主要是因为多种环境因素(包括营养在内)，主要原因是个体户外活动时间减少引发的生活方式改变以及个体近距离活动时间的增加”，来自华柏恩视觉研究中心(Brien Holden Vision Institute)的研究者说道。
文章中研究者指出了一项主要的全球健康问题，研究者建议，对于高度近视的人群(从2000年截止到现在度数增加了5倍)而言需要不断增加有计划的综合性眼部护理服务，而且还需要开发出有效控制近视发展的新型疗法来有效抑制个体近视或近视者度数增加。
研究者Kovin Naidoo教授指出，我们还需要确保儿童每年都接受一次来自眼科医生或配镜师的常规眼部检查，以便在发现儿童近视风险时及时采取预防性的措施;近视或者有近视风险的人群应该增加一些活动，比如增加户外活动时间，减少近距离活动的时间，比如减少眼镜需要持续关注的电子设备的使用时间等。
最后研究者表示，我们还需要采取其它的选择，比如设计特殊的眼镜及隐形眼镜或采用药物干预的方法，但未来在这一领域的研究还需要不断增加投资来有效干预近视者及风险个体的行为。
原文：
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006
PMC:
PMID:
Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050
Brien A. Holden, PhD, DSc, Timothy R. Fricke, MSc, David A. Wilson, PhD, Monica Jong, PhD, Kovin S. Naidoo, PhD, Padmaja Sankaridurg, PhD, Tien Y. Wong, MD, Thomas J. Naduvilath, PhD, Serge Resnikoff, MD
Purpose Myopia is a common cause of vision loss, with uncorrected myopia the leading cause of distance vision impairment globally. Individual studies show variations in the prevalence of myopia and high myopia between regions and ethnic groups, and there continues to be uncertainty regarding increasing prevalence of myopia. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of myopia and high myopia and estimated temporal trends from 2000 to 2050 using data published since 1995. The primary data were gathered into 5-year age groups from 0 to ≥100, in urban or rural populations in each country, standardized to definitions of myopia of −0.50 diopter (D) or less and of high myopia of −5.00 D or less, projected to the year 2010, then meta-analyzed within Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions. Any urban or rural age group that lacked data in a GBD region took data from the most similar region. The prevalence data were combined with urbanization data and population data from United Nations Population Department (UNPD) to estimate the prevalence of myopia and high myopia in each country of the world. These estimates were combined with myopia change estimates over time derived from regression analysis of published evidence to project to each decade from 2000 through 2050. Results We included data from 145 studies covering 2.1 million participants. We estimated 1406 million people with myopia (22.9% of the world population; 95% confidence interval [CI], 932–1932 million [15.2%–31.5%]) and 163 million people with high myopia (2.7% of the world population; 95% CI, 86–387 million [1.4%–6.3%]) in 2000. We predict by 2050 there will be 4758 million people with myopia (49.8% of the world population; 3620–6056 million [95% CI, 43.4%–55.7%]) and 938 million people with high myopia (9.8% of the world population; 479–2104 million [95% CI, 5.7%–19.4%]). Conclusions Myopia and high myopia estimates from 2000 to 2050 suggest significant increases in prevalences globally, with implications for planning services, including managing and preventing myopia-related ocular complications and vision loss among almost 1 billion people with high myopia. |
