【摘要】 目的 通过检查单眼屈光参差性弱视儿童基本治愈后不同对比度下视力情况,分析其视觉空间分辨能力,并评价视觉质量。方法 将病例分为3组:基本治愈弱视眼组(20例20眼)、非弱视眼组(20例20眼)和正常对照组(20例20眼)。相同年龄段最佳矫正LogMAR视力≤0。检查方法:用多功能视力测量仪MFVA100测试并比较3组患者在100%、25%、10%和5%的4种对比度下的LogMAR视力。结果 在100%、25%、10%和5% 4种对比度下,非弱视眼组和正常对照组视力差异无显著性(P>0.05);基本治愈弱视眼组视力均低于非弱视眼组和正常对照组,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);基本治愈弱视眼组与非弱视眼组相比,各对比度下视力下降的程度基本一致,视力平均差值0.140±0.004。结论 各对比度下,基本治愈屈光参差性弱视儿童的非弱视眼视力正常;基本治愈弱视眼各对比度下的视力仍然低于正常儿童,并且在各对比度下视力下降的程度基本一致;基本治愈弱视眼在中高频率下的视觉空间分辨能力仍普遍降低,视觉质量需进一步提高。
【关键词】 屈光参差性弱视;视觉空间分辨能力;对比度;视觉质量
* Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou China,325027
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate visual function for a group of anisometropic amblyopic children with treatment by testing visual acuity at four different contrast levels. Methods Twenty treated anisometropic amblyopes (20 eyes,mean age of 8.45±2.46 years old, 14 males, 6 females), 20 fellow eyes and 20 normal children (20 eyes, mean age of 8.60±1.27 years old, 15 males, 5 females) were recruited. The mean visual acuities of the three groups were equal to or less than zero. Visual acuities at 100%, 25%, 10% and 5% contrast levels for three groups were measured using MFVA100 tester. Results No significant difference in contrast visual acuity was found between the normal children and the fellow eyes (P>0.05). Visual acuities at the four different contrast levels in the amblyopic eyes were worse than that in both the fellow eyes and control group (P<0.01). The magnitude of the difference in contrast visual acuities between the amblyopic and fellow eyes were almost about the same at any contrast level(mean difference of 0.140± 0.004). Conclusion Anisometropic amblyopic children with treatment have normal eyes in their fellow eye. The treated amblyopic eyes have worse visual function with a constant amount at different contrast levels in compared with the fellow eyes. The results suggest that treated anisometropic amblyopic children remain deficiency in their spatial vision at the medium and high frequencies. Further treatment is still needed.
[Key words] anisometropic amblyopes; spation vision; contrast; visual function
弱视(amblyopia)是指眼本身无器质性病变,由于形觉剥夺或(和)双眼异常相互作用,屈光异常不能矫正,导致视觉空间分辨能力(spational vision,SV)下降[1]。传统评价弱视的治疗效果的指标主要是视力检查,使用的视力表只能测定人眼在高对比度下识别不同空间频率视标的能力,不能全面反映视觉空间分辨能力情况。随着对弱视认识的深入,许多学者研究发现除了传统的视力检查指标,对比敏感度(contrast sensitivity,CS)检查能更好地观察和诊断视觉空间分辨能力的缺陷[1]。对比敏感度函数(contrast sensitivity function,CSF)可用来描述视觉空间分辨能力情况,但由于测量不易被理解、费时多等原因,至今仅有少数眼视光临床医师应用CSF测量[2];而检查不同对比度下的视力也能反映相似变化,因与通常视力检查相同,只是视力表的对比度不同,故更易为被检者所熟悉和理解。本研究采用多功能视力测量仪MFVA100测试单眼屈光参差性弱视基本治愈儿童弱视眼、非弱视眼和同年龄组正常儿童在100%、25%、10%和5%的4种对比度下的视力,目的是观察这部分儿童各对比度下弱视眼、非弱视眼和正常眼三者视力的差异,分析其在中高频率下的视觉空间分辨能力,并评价其视觉质量。
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