摘要 目的 探讨老年视网膜脱离的易患因素及临床特点。方法 对42例65a以上的视网膜脱离患者进行眼底镜、三面镜等检查,记录其屈光状态、玻璃体后脱离、视网膜裂孔特点,并和网脱总体人群比较。结果 42只眼中高度近视占73.8%,存在玻璃体后脱离者占76.2%,马蹄形裂孔与黄斑裂孔各占裂孔总数的60.3%和24.1%.结论 高度近视及玻璃体后脱离是导致老年视网膜脱离的主要原因;老年视网膜脱离中马蹄孔及黄斑孔所占比例较高。
Clinical study on senile retinal detachment
YU Zi-Kui,YANG Pei-Liang
From the Department of Ophthalmology,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Second Medical University,Shanghai 200001,China
Abstract Objective To discover the predisposing factors and clinical characteristics of the senile retinal detachment.Methods Ophthalmoscopy and three mirror contact lens examination were performed on 42 consecutive cases of people ageing 65 years or older.Date including the refractive status,posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) and the properties of retinal holes were recorded and compared with that of the total population.Results 73.8% of total eyes were high myopia.PVD was found existent in 76.2%of 42 eyes.Horseshoe-shaped tears and macular holes took up 60.3% and 24.1% of all retinal holes respectively.Conclusion High myopia and PVD are main causes of senile retinal detachment and the incidence of horseshoe-shaped tear and macular hole was higher in senile retinal detachment.
Key words senile retinal detachment;posterior vitreous detachment;retinal holeo 视网膜脱离的发生与玻璃体后脱离(posterior vitreous detachment,PVD)有密切关系。随着年龄的增长,玻璃体液化、后脱离的发生率增加。据统计,超过65a的老年人发生PVD的比例为65%,但其中仅有少数人产生视网膜脱离[1]。由此可见老年视网膜脱离有其自身特点,不仅与PVD有关,尚有其它相关因素。本文对我院1993年~1997年内收治的42例65a以上的视网脱离患者作一回顾性分析,总结老年视网膜脱离的临床特点。
1 对象和方法
1.1 对象 本院1993年~1997年收治的65a以上的老年视网膜脱离患者共42例42眼,其中1例因在术前和术中均未发现裂孔,在有关裂孔的统计结果中将其除外。42例老年患者占本院同期视网膜脱离住院总数的15.7%(42/267);年龄65~77a,平均68.5±3.4a;男18例,女24例,右眼19只,左眼23只。其中黄斑裂孔占33.3%(14/42)。
1.2 方法 视网膜脱离的42眼均进行裂隙灯、直接眼底镜、三面镜检查,部分病例再作间接眼底镜检查。记录屈光状态,玻璃体后脱离情况以及视网膜裂孔的位置、形态及数目。
2 结果
2.1 一般情况 42例视网膜脱离患者中,高度近视者31例,占73.8%,中低度近视者7例,占16.7%,不近视者4例,占9.5%.42眼中存在玻璃体后脱离者32例,占76.2%.
2.2 视网膜裂孔 41眼发现裂孔,单一裂孔者30眼(马蹄孔15眼,周边圆孔2眼,黄斑裂孔13眼);多裂孔者11眼(总计裂孔28个,其中马蹄孔20个,周边圆孔7个,黄斑裂孔1个,每眼的裂孔数为2~5个)。有关裂孔的形态和分布见表1。
表1 裂孔的形态和分布
Table 1 The shape and distribution of retinal holes
Shape |
No. |
% |
Distribution |
No. |
% |
Horseshoe hole |
35 |
60.3 |
Temporalis retinae superior |
31 |
53.4 |
Peripheral round hole |
9 |
15.5 |
Temporalis retinae inferior |
9 |
15.5 |
Macular hole |
14 |
24.1 |
Nasalis retinae superior |
4 |
6.9 |
Total |
58 |
|
Nasalis retinae infterior |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Macular |
14 |
24.0 |
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