摘 要:目的 探讨黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的手术方法,以提高手术成功率和疗效。方法 采用单纯注气术、环扎加压注气术、玻璃体切割联合手术,并对手术疗效进行统计、分析。结果 116例黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离手术,治愈99例,治愈率为84.5%.其中Ⅰ级膜治愈率100%,Ⅱ级膜治愈率92.5%,Ⅲ级膜治愈率76.6%.结论 依据膜形成程度选择合适的手术方法,可提高手术成功率及术后视力。
Surgical treatment of retinal detachment with macular hole
PU Li-Juan
(Department of Ophthalmology,Wuxi First People's Hospital,Wuxi 214002,Jiangsu Province,China)
WU Nai-Chuan
(Shanghai First People's Hospital,SHanghai 200080,China)
Abstract:Objective To study the operative methods for retinal detachment with macula holes and improre their effects.Methods The retinal detachment with a macular hole was treated with combined surgery gas-fluid exchange,encirclement-drainage injection of C3F8 and vitrectomy.The results were calculated and analyzed.Results Among the 116 cases of retinal detachment with macular holes treated with combined surgery,99 cases were cured,with a cure rate of 84.5%.The cure rate was 100% in I degree of membranes,92.5% in Ⅱ degree and 76.6% in Ⅲ degree.Conclusion In order to improve the cure rate and postoperative vision,the operative methods should be selected according to the degree of membrane formation.
Key words:retinal detachment;macular hole;surgical treatment▲
我们自1995年9月至1996年10月,对116例黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离进行了手术治疗。患者出院后随访8mo以上。现报告如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 一般资料 116例中,男36例,女80例,年龄16~72a,平均56a,50a以上占73.1%.右眼54眼,左眼62眼。19例手术2次,10例手术3次。高度近视83眼,中度近视12眼,低度近视7眼,正视11眼。无晶状体3眼,伴有其它裂孔17眼。按赵氏膜形成分级法,Ⅰ级膜6眼,Ⅱ级膜63眼,ⅢA级膜27眼,ⅢB级膜20眼。
1.2 手术方法
1.2.1 单纯气液交换术[1] 沿颞侧角膜缘剪开球结膜120°,暴露前部巩膜,用5号针头在颞下方距角膜缘4mm睫状体扁平部刺入玻璃体腔,见液体从针尾部流出,即停止进针,让助手固定针头。用另一抽有C3F8气体的针筒,带号锋利针头,从颞上方的睫状体扁平部刺入,从瞳孔区看到针尖后,向玻璃体腔注入C3F8气体0.5~1.0mL。此时可见液体加速流出,待眼压恢复至正常,拔出排液与注气针,并询问患者有无光感。
1.2.2 环扎放液注气术 对伴有其它部位裂孔的患眼,先冷凝该部位,随后施行环扎或环扎加压,但不冷凝黄斑部。放出视网膜下液,选择外上或内上象限无裂孔处向玻璃体内注入C3F8气体0.8~1.0mL。
1.2.3 联合手术[2] 先作好环扎,作经典三切口施行玻璃体切割,在手术显微镜下将大部分玻璃体切除,用钝钩进行钩膜剥膜,用玻璃体镊夹住增殖机化膜,剪断并取出该膜,将抽针插至黄斑裂孔处吸净视网膜下溶胶样液体,并进行全气液交换。根据裂孔情况决定是否作眼内激光。最后向玻璃体腔内注入C3F8 0.8~1.0mL。术后均取低头俯卧位。
1.3 疗效评价 痊愈:裂孔封闭,视网膜复位;未愈:裂孔未封闭,玻璃体牵引未松解,视网膜仍脱离;复发:术后视网膜复位,出院后再脱离。
2 结果
2.1 膜形成程度与疗效的关系 116例总治愈率为84.5%(包括随访期)。根据赵氏膜形成分级Ⅰ~ⅢB级,选择不同的手术方法,痊愈率各不同。Ⅰ~Ⅱ级膜的手术成功率显著大于ⅢA和ⅢB级膜(见表1)。
表1 膜形成与疗效的关系
Table 1 The relation between membrane formation and effect
Dgree of membrane |
Number of eyes |
Cure |
Inefficacy |
Relapse |
Cure rate(%) |
Ⅰ |
6 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
Ⅱ |
63 |
57 |
4 |
2 |
92.5 |
ⅢA |
27 |
22 |
2 |
3 |
81.5 |
ⅢB |
20 |
14 |
4 |
2 |
70.0 |
2.2 术前与术后视力比较 术前与术后视力比较见表2。
表2 术前与术后视力比较
Table 2 Comparison between pre-operative and post-operative vision
|
Hand Movement-Finger |
0.01~0.05 |
0.06~0.1 |
>0.1 |
Pre-operative |
96 |
17 |
3 |
0 |
Post-operative |
30 |
56 |
25 |
5 |
2.3 并发症与处理 (1)高眼压9眼:1眼因气体膨胀导致眼压增高,经再手术放气后眼压恢复正常;8眼因患者长时间处于低头位,睫状体充血水肿引起眼压增高,经静脉滴注200g·kg-1甘露醇后眼压恢复正常;(2)晶状体后囊下皮质混浊5例,皮质呈大小不一羽毛状混浊,2wk后随气泡吸收混浊逐渐消退;(3)气体进入前房1例,患者保持低头位3d后消失;(4)其它部位发生新裂孔2例。1例干性裂孔经氩激光治愈,1例视网膜再脱离,再次手术仍未愈。
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