【摘要】 目的:分析开放性眼外伤二期人工晶状体(intraocular lens, IOL)植入术后的视力、早期并发症及屈光偏差。方法:回顾性分析2004/2005年15例开放性眼外伤引起角巩膜撕裂的外伤性白内障患者,一期行白内障摘除及开放性眼外伤修复术,二期进行IOL植入术。主要记录患者最佳矫正视力,早期并发症及屈光偏差。结果:两次手术时间间隔平均为2.57mo,最佳矫正视力,13例(87%)矫正视力在0.5或以上,所有眼最佳矫正视力均在0.3或以上。手术早期并发症包括角膜水肿、轻度至中度虹膜睫状体炎、黄斑水肿、黄斑皱褶等。术后视力的改善受限于因角膜中央或旁中央疤痕所致的不规则散光及发展的黄斑皱褶。最后的屈光状态,11眼(73%)屈光在1D内,屈光正常,4眼(27%)屈光在1~3D。结论:开放性眼外伤二期植入IOL是安全的。应用受伤眼生物学数据计算IOL度数,二期植入IOL对于开放性眼外伤引起的外伤性白内障,获得理想的矫正视力有益。
【关键词】 眼外伤;外伤性白内障;白内障摘除术;二期人工晶状体植入术
Secondary intraocular lens implantation of traumatic cataract induced by open-globe injury
Bao-Yi Zhu, Li-Ping Shu, Jian-Wei Wang
Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
Correspondence to: Bao-Yi Zhu. Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China. [email protected]
Received:2006-04-29 Accepted:2007-05-15
Abstract AIM: To analyze the postoperative visual outcome, early complications and refractional deviation of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for traumatic cataract caused by open-globe injury.METHODS:A clinical retrospective study was conducted on 15 patients who were admitted to our hospital from 2004 through 2005 due to traumatic cataract with corneal or scleral laceration caused by open-globe trauma. Cataract extraction with primary repair of the open-globe wound and secondary IOL implantation was performed in all patients. Main outcome measures were done on final visual acuity, early complications and refractional deviation. RESULTS: The mean interval between the two surgeries was 2.57 months. Thirteen eyes (87%) achieved final visual acuity of 0.5 or better, and all eyes achieved that of 0.3 or better. The early complications included corneal edema, light-moderate iridocyclitis, macular edema and macular pucker. Major causes of limited visual acuity were irregular astigmatism resulting from central or paracentral corneal scar or developing macular pucker. The deviation of final refraction fell within 1.0D in 11 eyes (73%), and fell within 1.0-3.0D in 4 eyes (27%).CONCLUSION: The secondary IOL implantation after open-globe trauma is a safe option for adults and children. Secondary IOL implantation using biometry of the traumatic eye to accurately predict power of the IOL is helpful in obtaining considerable vision improvement in patients with traumatic cataract caused by open-globe injury.
KEYWORDS: ocular injury; traumatic cataract; cataract extraction; secondary intraocular lens implantation
0引言
开放性眼外伤常发生外伤性白内障,植入人工晶状体(intraocular lens, IOL)后大多数患者的视觉功能可康复[1]。然而对于外伤性白内障在受伤初期还是二期摘除,外伤后何时眼功能可恢复尚无一致意见,此外在摘除白内障同时还是二期植入IOL也存有争议。尽管有文献支持在修补开放性眼外伤,摘除晶状体同时植入IOL,然而由于角膜、巩膜伤口的变化和可能的感染,IOL度数难以预测,使得一期植入IOL可能是不实际的。理论上在开放性伤口闭合后二期植入IOL可减少感染的潜在危险,并可避免急症手术的并发症。目前对于各种开放性眼外伤一期清创缝合术后IOL度数的预测缺乏资料,我们的研究分析了开放性眼外伤的外伤性白内障二期IOL植入术后效果及并发症的发生率,及伴或无球内异物的开放性眼外伤的屈光度的偏差。
1对象和方法
采用病例回顾研究,收集了我院2004/2005年患开放性眼外伤的患者,选择一期行白内障摘除并修补伤口手术,二期植入IOL的病例,在行角膜裂伤或巩膜裂伤清创缝合术前,行眼眶CT检查,确定球内有无异物。我们记录了患者年龄、伤口长度、伤口位置、球内异物、IOL植入前初步的玻璃体视网膜手术、致白内障的原因、外伤与手术间隔时间、白内障类型、术前视力、IOL植入位置、术后最佳矫正视力、术后屈光、早期并发症。将伤口位置定义为Ⅰ包括角巩膜缘的角膜伤口, Ⅱ角巩膜缘5mm以内的巩膜伤口,Ⅲ角巩膜缘5mm以外的巩膜伤口。初期的角膜或巩膜伤口的缝合、白内障摘除、经睫状体扁平部晶状体切除、玻璃体切除及球内异物的取出、二期IOL植入术均由资深教授完成。在二期植入IOL前,用电脑角膜曲率验光仪测量受伤眼角膜曲率,以A/B超测量眼轴长,以SRKⅡ公式计算受伤眼IOL度数,记录植入IOL前视力,植入IOL后,综合验光记录最佳矫正视力及屈光偏差,记录植入IOL后早期并发症。
2结果
行二期IOL植入术的开放性眼外伤患者15例,所有患者在外伤后即急诊入院处理。所有患者均为男性,6例(40%)有球内异物,在初期修补眼外伤的同时行球内异物取出。眼外伤的部位为5例(33%)在Ⅰ区,10例(67%)在Ⅱ区,一期手术时9例(60%)行白内障吸除术,4例(27%)行白内障囊外摘除术,2例(13%)行平坦部晶状体和玻璃体切除术(表1)。一期手术与二期IOL植入术的平均间隔时间为2.57±0.59mo,所有患者植入后房型IOL,植入于囊袋或睫状沟。2例(13%)白内障类型为囊下白内障,其余13例(87%)均表现为全白内障,其中9例(60%)为在工作环境中受伤。记录最佳矫正视力,13例(87%)矫正视力在0.5或以上,所有眼最佳矫正视力均在0.3或以上,视力不佳的主要原因为角膜中央疤痕、由角膜疤痕引起的不规则散光及眼底黄斑水肿、黄斑皱褶。在所有受伤眼均未发生眼内炎,所有患者在初次外伤后均给予局部抗生素眼液点眼及静脉或口服抗生素治疗,预防感染。最后的屈光状态,11眼(73%)屈光在1.00D内,屈光正常,4眼(27%)屈光在1~3.00D。手术早期并发症包括角膜水肿、轻度至中度虹膜睫状体炎、黄斑水肿、黄斑皱褶等,经对症处理多可治愈,2例出现黄斑皱褶,影响视力(表2)。
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