【摘要】 力求对本地区儿童保健提供科学可靠的基础资料方法 横断面设计,对98所幼儿园,3~7岁儿童5749人,现场采集,用自动验光仪(TOPCN)、裸视、矫视及眼部系统检查,筛选最佳矫正视力低于0.9者,用1%阿托品眼膏散瞳检影验光确诊。对构成对比的采用卡方检验(χ2)统计学分析。结果 调查5967人,受检5749人,受检率96.35%。用三不同弱视诊断视力标准对儿童弱视患病率进行对比。即国内现行诊断视力界值标准,患病303人,患病率5.27%,3岁与7岁患病率相比有统计学意义(χ2=21.326,P>0.01)。ZHZO等诊断标准,患病140人,患病率2.425%。3岁与7岁患病率相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.804,P>0.05)。赵堪兴、郑日忠诊断标准,患病121人,患病率1.976%,3岁与7岁患病率相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.074,P>0.05)。按国内现行诊断标准患病率与ZHZO等诊断标准患病率及赵堪兴、郑日忠诊断标准患病率相比差异均有统计学意义(分别χ2=63.378,P<0.01;χ2=81.120,P>0.01),按国内现行诊断标准,本组儿童弱视患病率低于近年国内部分低龄儿童弱视患病率(5.89%~11.8%),但略高于世界综合文献报道(1%~5%)。按赵堪兴、郑日忠诊断标准本组儿童弱视患病率明显的低于近年国内患病率,但与世界综合文献报道(1%~5%)及ZHZO等诊断标准无差异。结论 不同视力界值标准下患病率差异甚,而不同的年龄采用不同的视力界值标准其患病率无差异。故诊断儿童弱视要特别重视视力界值诊断标准,要高度考虑到儿童弱视诊断中的年龄因素,同时也不可忽视检查方法,样才既不使弱视诊断的简单化、扩大化,又不至于弱视的误诊误治。
【关键词】 儿童弱视 患病率 视力界值 年龄因 横断面
Investigation on prevalence of children amblyopia in Siping,Jilin
WANG You-zhi,JIA Hui-yun,ZHANG Liang,et al.Huazheng Hospital of Siping,Siping 136000,China
[Abstract] Objective To provide the science reliable basic data for this area child care.Methods With cross section design,in 98 kindergartens,3 to 7 year-old 5749 children by the scene gathering,were examined with the optical instruments automatically (TOPCN),bare vision,corrected vision and the ocular region system ,people with best corrected vision ≤ 0.9,treated with 1% atropine eye ointment to mydriasis for diagnosis,construction contrast used χ2 examination for statistics analysis.Results Investigated 5967 people,5749 people was examined,examining rate was 96.35%. Prevalence of children amblyopia was contrasted under three different amblyopia vision standard.Under domestic present diagnosis standard,303 people were sick,the prevalence was 5.27%,prevalence in 3 years old compared with 7 years old had remarkable difference (χ2=21.326,P>0.01).Under ZHZO standard,140 people were sick,the prevalence was 2.425%,prevalence in 3 years old compared with 7 years old had remarkable significant difference (χ2 =1.804,P>0.05).Under Zhao Kanxing,Zheng Rizhong standard,121 people were sick,the prevalence was 1.976%,prevalence in 3 years old compared with 7 years old had remarkable significant difference (χ2 =1.074,P>0.05).Domestic standard compared with Zhao Kanxing and ZHZO diagnosis standard,had remarkable difference (χ2 =63.378,P<0.01;χ2 =81.120,P>0.01),this prevalence was lower than recent domestic standard(5.89%~11.8%),but higher than the world diagnosis standard (1%~5%).According to Zhao Kanxing,Zheng Rizhong the standard,this prevalence was obvious lower than recent domestic standard ,but as same as the world and ZHZO standard (1%~5%).Conclusion Under the different vision value standard the prevalence difference is really large,but in the different age with different vision value standard its prevalence has no difference.Therefore we should pay attention on vision value diagnosis standard specially,must consider highly the age factor,and simultaneously the inspection method,only then like this we can not make diagnosis simply,magnify,and diagnose it by mistake.
[Key words] children amblyopia;prevalence;vision standard value;age factor;cross section
儿童弱视的防治工作逐渐取得进展[1],但定义弱视的视力界值标准各国家不,不同的视力标准下的弱视患病率差距较大,美国视光学会临床指南[2]视力界值矫视力≥0.9,Robaei等[3]在澳大利亚6岁儿童视力界值为矫视力>0.5,ZHZO等[4]为矫视力>0.63,在我国调查直接用国内现行的中华医学会[5]视力界值(矫视力>0.9);国内眼科学教材及参考书也基本参照这一诊断标准,在国内较少在弱视诊断中考虑视力界值标准,年龄因素及检查方法对患病率的影响,笔者于2005~2006年在吉林省四平地区采用横断面设计,对98所幼儿园,3~7岁儿童5 749人11 498眼进行流行病调查,现将基本资料总结如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 2005~2006年对吉林四平地区98所幼儿园,3~7岁11 498眼,其中男3 069(53%),女2 680(47%)。
1.2 调查方法与内容 采用横断面设计,在初查时采用非散瞳下对在幼儿园的儿童进行现场采集,检查项目包括国际标准视力表、自动验光仪(TOPCOM)、裂隙灯显微镜、直接检眼镜、镜片箱及串镜、聚光手电箱、卷尺等眼科专业仪器。对流调对象的裸视、矫视、眼位、瞳孔、外眼、屈光间质及眼底(杯盘、弧形斑、网络膜、黄斑注视性质)屈光状态进行客观的眼部检测,筛选最佳矫正视力低于0.9者应用1%阿托品眼膏适量点双眼,每日2次,连续3天后转我院检影验光试镜,最佳矫正孔镜视力低于0.9确诊为弱视,所有流调人员均为从事眼科临床的医护人员,并在流调集中培训,统一标准。
1.3 诊断标准 采用三种定义诊断标准,分别进行对比分析:(1)国内现行诊断标准[5],中华医学会眼科分会、斜视弱视学小儿眼科学会组(1985年)制订的弱视定义为眼部无器质性病变,以功能因素为主引起远视低于0.9且不能矫正者[2];(2)ZHZO等[4]在参与多国家儿童屈光不正调查中采用弱视定义:视力界值低于20/22(0.63);(3)赵堪兴等[2]评述建议弱视诊断视力界值标准(3岁0.5;4~5岁0.6;6~7岁0.7),分别获得在不同的视力界值标准下的弱视患病率不同的结果。
1.4 统计学分析 构成比采用卡方检验,对流调内容中的三不同的视力界值诊断下的患病率及3岁与7岁不同年龄的患病率进行对比分析。
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