【摘要】 目的 观察评价曲安奈得治疗视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿的疗效和安全性 方法 22例25眼次(1例1眼曾2次注射, 1例1眼曾3次注射)视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿患者。给予玻璃体腔注射曲安奈得0.1 ml(4 mg);根据不同病情和荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)选择视网膜光凝。随访1~6月,观察视力、眼压、房反应、晶体及眼底改变和FFA。结果 所有患者视力均有不同程度提高,其中1例病史3年的患者从0.1到0.5,有4例出现眼压升高,2例局部滴降眼压药、1例加用口服药、1例行小梁切除术后控制,3例出现假性眼内炎。黄斑水肿均有减轻。结论 曲安奈得玻璃体内注射可以改善视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿并提高视力,个别出现眼压升高和假性眼内炎以及复发,尚需进步观察长期疗效和安全性。
【关键词】 黄斑水肿;曲安奈得;疗效
Evaluation of therapeutic effects of triamcinolone acetonide for treating macular edema of retimal vein obstruction
JIA Wancheng, WANG Cuihong, WANG Jing,et al.Department Ophthalmology of Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai 201400, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe and evaluate the therapeutic effect and security of triamcinolone acetonide(TA) for treating macular edema of rentinal vein obstruction.
Methods 22 patients (25 eyes) with macular edema of rentinal vein obstruction (One had been injected twice, another three times.) were treated with intravitreous injecting with 0.1 ml(4 mg) triamcinoione acetonide.Retinal laser was applied according to various clinical symptom and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). During 1~6 months followup, the visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus inflammation in anterior chamder, lens and FFA were observed.
Results The visual acuity of all the patients had been improved in varying degrees, one was from 0.1 to 0.5 (The patient has had the disease for 3 years.).Elevation of intraocular pressure occurred in 4 patients, in which two patients’ intraocular pressure were controlled by eyedrops, one patient by additional oral medicine and another by trabeculectomy. 3 patients got pseudoophthalmia. Macular edema was improved in all patients.
Conclusion It’s an effective and safe way to treat macular edema of retinal vein obstruction by TA and laser. The presence of elevation of intraocular pressure, pseudoophthalmia, recurrence in only few patients need longterm followup to observe the therapeutic effect and security.
[Key words] macular edema; triamcinolone acetonide; efficacy
黄斑水肿是视网膜静脉阻塞导致视力下降的主要原因,因损害中心视功能造成严重视力障碍,长期的黄斑水肿还会导致永久性视力丧失,甚至引起黄斑裂孔,且尚无好的治疗方法而备受关注。近来国内外陆续报道曲安奈得(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)玻璃体内注射可使黄斑水肿减轻或消退[1~3],我们自2004年8月~2006年9月进行了玻璃体内注射TA,结合进行激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿,现将结果报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 2004年8月~2006年9月在我科就诊,经眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography FFA)检查明确诊断的黄斑水肿22例25眼次(1例1眼曾2次注射, 1例1眼曾3次注射)。其中视网膜中央静脉阻塞14例(17眼次),视网膜分支静脉阻塞8例8眼。患者年龄46~82岁,平均59.63岁,男9例9眼,女13例16眼次。
1.2 检查项目 所有患者用国际标准视力表常规检查裸眼视力及矫正视力、近视力,非接触眼压计眼压测量,美丽滴眼液散瞳后裂隙灯显微镜眼前节及+90D前置镜眼后节检查,FFA检查,有2例进行了光学相干断层扫描检查。
1.3 治疗纳入标准 (1)双目间接检眼镜及裂隙灯+90D前置镜检查发现黄斑水肿和(或)囊样水肿。(2)FFA检查显示黄斑水肿。(3)糖尿病患者血糖≤8 mmol/L,血压<150/90 mm Hg。(4)无青光眼病史,眼压<21 mm Hg。注药治疗前冲洗泪道,抗生素眼液点眼3天,4~6次/d,需视网膜光凝者先行下方视网膜光凝。
1.4 方法 治疗时在手术室按内眼手术常规消毒,爱尔卡因表麻,根据术中不要遮挡显微镜视线,患者右眼在颞下、左眼在鼻下2%利多卡因结膜下浸润麻醉,做穹隆基底的结膜瓣,角膜缘后4 mm向球心垂直进针(29 G超细针头,美国BD公司),防止损伤晶体,手术显微镜下看到针头后向玻璃体内缓慢注入40 mg/ml的TA混悬液(意利BristolMyers Squibb公司)0.1 ml,快速出针后压迫针孔,根据情况是否行前房穿刺,结膜瓣电凝粘合,结膜下注射庆大霉素2万u+地塞米松2.5mg,结膜囊涂典必殊眼膏加眼罩包眼,半坐位4~6 h,夜晚睡眠侧卧位。术后全身应用抗生素3天,妥布霉素和氧氟沙星滴眼液滴眼1周,术后前3天检查视力、眼压、裂隙灯观察创口、前房,散瞳后查晶体、玻璃体炎性细胞及TA药液、眼底等情况。第1个月内每周检查1次,以后每月1次。
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