【摘要】 目的 研究白内障及白内障合并闭角型青光眼患者单纯行白内障超声乳化及后房型人工晶状体植入术对眼压及前房深度变化的影响。方法 对单纯老年性白内障患者(白内障组)361例481眼、白内障合并闭角型青光眼患者(白内障合并青光眼组)44例52眼单纯行超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术,术后随访3~25个月。结果 白内障组术前眼压(14.86±3.79)mmHg,术后最终随访眼压(12.56±3.43)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=9.270,P<0.01);白内障合并青光眼组术前眼压(19.92±3.76)mmHg,术后最终随访眼压(16.52±3.15)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=3.29,P<0.01)。两组间手术前眼压相比差异无统计学意义(t=-2.437,P>0.05),随访3个月以上两组间眼压相比差异无统计学意义(t=2.154,P>0.05)。白内障组手术前前房轴深(2.28±0.32)mm,术后最终复诊时前房轴深(3.04±0.39)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=7.781,P<0.01 );白内障合并青光眼组手术前前房轴深(1.69±0.35)mm,术后最终复诊时前房轴深(2.82±0.41)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=4.528,P<0.01);两组间手术前前房轴深相比差异有统计学意义(t=8.325,P<0.01),手术后两组间相比差异无统计学意义(t=2.86,P>0.05)。结论 对白内障患者行超声乳化及人工晶体植入术具有降低眼压的作用;白内障合并闭角型青光眼患者手术前用药将眼压控制在安全范围后而单纯行超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术,术后无需用降眼压药,眼压能控制在正常范围。
【关键词】 白内障;眼内压;青光眼;晶体,人工
pressure and anterior chamber depth
LIU Xinquan, LI Mingfei, ZHU Huaying
(Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Longhua Hospital of Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200032, China)
To investigate the effects of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation on intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber depth in patients with cataract or cataract combined with angle closure glaucoma. Methods 361 patients (481 eyes) with senile cataract (cataract group) and 44 patients (52 eyes) with cataract combined with angle closure glaucoma (cataract with glaucoma group) accepted phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation from July 2005 to May 2007, and were followed up for 325 months. Results There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative IOP (t=9.270,P<0.01) in the cataract group, and the preoperative IOP was 14.86±3.79?mmHg and the postoperative IOP was 12.56±3.43?mmHg; there was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative IOP (t=3.29,P<0.01) in the cataract with glaucoma group, and the preoperative IOP was 19.92±3.76?mmHg and the postoperative IOP was 16.52±3.15?mmHg; there was no significant difference in preoperative IOP (t=-2.437,P>0.05)and the IOP 3 months after operation (t=2.154,P>0.05)between the two groups. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative depths of the anterior chamber(t=7.781,P<0.01) in the cataract group, and the preoperative depth of the anterior chamber was 2.28±0.32?mm and the postoperative depth of the anterior chamber was 3.04±0.39?mm; there was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative depths of the anterior chamber(t=4.528,P<0.01)in the cataract with glaucoma group, and the preoperative depth of the anterior chamber was 1.69±0.35?mm and the postoperative depth of the anterior chamber was 2.82±0.41?mm; there was a significant difference between the two groups in the preoperative depth of the anterior chamber (t=8.325,P<0.01)and no significant difference after operation(t=2.86,P>0.05). Conclusion Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation are effective in curing cataract and decreasing IOP. If the IOP of patients with cataracts and glaucoma was controlled to normal preoperatively, the antiglaucoma medication was no longer needed after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.
Key words: Cataract; Intraocular pressure; Glaucoma; Lenses, intraocular 随着小切口超声乳化设备和手术技术的不断改进与日益成熟,以及折叠式人工晶体的不断改良,现在治疗白内障合并闭角型青光眼患者时,部分患者单纯行白内障超声乳化及后房型人工晶状体植入术即可使眼压显著降低,获得比较好的疗效。为了观察白内障超声乳化手术对眼压的影响以及中央前房深度的变化,我们对361例481眼白内障患者及44例52眼白内障合并青光眼患者的资料进行统计分析,报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 2005年7月至2007年5月单纯老年性白内障而眼压正常、行超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的患者共361例481眼(白内障组),其中男144例193眼;女217例288眼,47~94岁,平均70.5岁。白内障合并闭角型青光眼组共44例52眼,其中男18例21眼,女26例31眼,58~85岁,平均72.7岁。其中白内障合并急性闭角型青光眼大发作8例8眼,初诊时眼压>45?mmHg(1?mmHg=0.133?kPa),角膜水肿,前房浅,瞳孔散大、固定,晶状体膨胀、混浊。给予20%甘露醇、乙酰唑胺、β受体阻滞剂治疗,当角膜恢复透明、眼压基本恢复正常后,在1周内立即行超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术。白内障合并慢性闭角型青光眼36例44眼,初诊时眼压高于正常,角膜透明,前房浅,房角根据Scheie分类法为Ⅰ~Ⅳ不等,瞳孔大小正常,晶状体膨胀,混浊,眼压21.8~34.0?mmHg,经用乙酰唑胺和(或)β受体阻滞剂点眼,眼压降为正常后行超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术。手术后随访3~25个月,平均13.4个月。
1.2 术前检查 除进行常规的视功能检查外,所有患者术前均用Canon公司Tonometer TX10眼压计测量眼压,白内障组6.50~21.00?mmHg,平均(14.86±3.79)mmHg;白内障合并青光眼组16.20~21.30?mmHg,平均(19.92±3.76)mmHg。前房深度测量用Alcon公司的Ultrascan A/B超,白内障组中央前房深度1.97~3.25?mm,平均 (2.38±0.32)mm;白内障合并青光眼组中央前房深度1.29~2.78?mm,平均(1.69±0.35)mm。
1.3 手术方法 所有手术均由同一术者完成。眼部麻醉后,在上方透明角膜缘做3.2?mm切口,前房注入粘弹剂,做直径5~5.5?mm连续环形撕囊。水分离晶状体核后,在囊袋内进行超声乳化,利用自动灌注/抽吸系统吸净晶状体皮质,前、后囊抛光后,囊袋内注入粘弹剂,将人工晶状体植入到囊袋内,吸净粘弹剂,恢复前房。所有病例手术顺利,无并发症发生。
1.4 术后检查 除对所有病例进行眼前节裂隙灯、角膜曲率、裸眼及矫正远、近视力的检查外,还分别在手术后1天、1周、1个月及3个月以上用手术前的检查方法测量眼压,在患者最后一次复诊时测量房角及前房轴深度。
1.5 统计学处理 采用SPSS11.5软件,数据以±s表示,组间比较采用t检验,不同时间段的比较采用方差分析。
2 结 果
2.1 术后眼压 白内障组术后第1天平均眼压(15.24±7.05)mmHg;术后1周(12.61±4.09)mmHg;术后1个月(12.17±4.22)mmHg;术后3个月(11.83±3.75)mmHg;术后3个月以上(12.56±3.43)mmHg。手术前眼压与手术后1天相比差异无统计学意义(t=-3.82,P>0.05); 手术前眼压与手术1周后各时间眼压相比差异具有统计学意义(F=6.259,P<0.01);白内障合并青光眼组术后第1天眼压(20.61±9.05)mmHg;术后1周(17.50±5.68)mmHg;术后1个月(16.80±4.23)mmHg;术后3个月(17.66±3.56)mmHg;术后3个月以上(16.52±3.15)mmHg;手术后第1天2眼眼压超过40?mmHg,前房有纤维素样渗出,虹膜纹理不清、水肿(急性闭角型青光眼大发作患者),经20%甘露醇、醋氮酰胺、β受体阻滞剂眼药水以及全身和局部应用激素7天后眼压下降至正常。其他病例手术后未用降眼压药物。手术前眼压与手术后1天相比差异无统计学意义(t=-0.514,P>0.05);手术前眼压与手术1周后各时间眼压相比差异具有统计学意义(F=3.290,P<0.01)。两组间手术前眼压相比差异无统计学意义(t=-2.437,P>0.05),手术后1天至3个月各时间两组间眼压及最终眼压(随访3个月以上)相比差异均无统计学意义(F=1.073,P>0.05;t=2.154,P<0.05)。
2.2 前房深度 白内障组在手术后3个月及以后复诊时测量前房轴深,为(3.04±0.39)mm。手术前与手术后相比差异有统计学意义(t=7.781,P<0.01);白内障合并青光眼组在手术后3个月或3个月以上复诊时前房轴深为(2.82±0.41)mm,手术前与手术后相比差异有统计学意义(t=4.528,P<0.01);两组间手术前前房轴深相比差异有统计学意义(t=8.325,P<0.01),手术后两组间相比差异无统计学意义(t=2.86,P>0.05)。
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