【摘要】 目的 探讨合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy , PDR) 玻璃体切除联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的临床效果及并发症。方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2010年1月本院手术治疗的合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者228 例(236 只眼)。其中男108 例,女120 例;年龄39~76 岁,平均57 岁;糖尿病史2~26 年,眼病史1月至8年。结果 术后平均随访时间分别为6~16个月。患者手术后视力较术前提高198 眼(占86.8%),不变15 眼(占6.6%),术后视力下降或光感消失15 眼(占6.6%);术后前房内纤维素渗出膜形成有76 眼(占33.3%),观察1 w~3个月完全吸收的有65 眼(占85.5%);术后角膜水肿、上皮愈合慢有52 只眼(占22.8%),有1 例经3 个月的营养角膜治疗,最终恢复正常;术后发生后囊膜混浊(后发障)156 眼(占68.4%),于取油同时处理,不注油者单行YAG激光切除;术后网膜再增殖,牵引网脱,或玻璃体再积血者16例(占7.0%),均再行玻璃体切割术联合剥膜、注油。结论 玻璃体切除联合超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变是安全、有效的,术后并发症少,能迅速恢复患者视力,减少患者多次手术的痛苦。
【关键词】 超声乳化术;玻璃体切除术;增生性糖尿病视网膜病变;白内障;手术效果;并发症
Observation of the Effect of Combined Surgery for the Treatment
of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Cataract
LIU Ruiju1, AN' Liangbao2, ZHANG Xin2, HE Wei2
(1.Huludao Eye Hospital, Huludao 125000 China;2.Shenyang He Eye Hospital, Shenyang 110000 China)
Abstract: Objective To explore the efficacy and complications of vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsificafion and intraocular lens implantation for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and cataract.Methods A retrospective analysis was done to 228 patients (236 eyes) with PDR and cataract from March 2006 till January 2010. Among them, 108 patients were male, and 120 patients were female. They varied in age from 39 to 76 year-old, and the average age was 57. The history of diabetes mellitus was 2~26 years, and with PDR for one month to eight years. Results A total of 236 eyes were followed up for 6~16 months. Visual improvement was achieved in 198 eyes (86.8%), the same with preoperation in 15 eyes (6.6%), and declined or disappeared of light perception in 15 eyes (6.6%). 76 eyes (33.3%) were found after operation with cellulose exudation membrane in anterior chamber, of those 65 eyes (85.5%) were absorbed in from one week to three months. Cornea edema and delayed healing of cornea epithelial cell were found in 52 eyes (22.8%), of those one eye was cured in three months. posterior capsule opacification were found in 156 eyes (68.4%), and being removed with taking silicone oil or by YAG. 16 patients (7.0%) were found after operation with retinal proliferation and tractional detachment or blood deposit in vitreous body, and all the eyes were done vitrectomy combined with stripping membrane and silicone oil tamponade. Conclusions The surgery of vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsificafion and intraocular lens implantation for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and cataract is safe and effective. There are fewer post-operation complications. The visual acuity can be restored quickly after operation. The patients can avoid operation.
Key words:phacoemulsificafion; vitrectomy; proliferative diabetic retinopathy; cataract; complication
增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabeticretinopathy,PDR)是糖尿病最严重的并发症之一,而PDR的患者多合并有不同程度的白内障,且糖尿病患者的白内障比普通年龄相关性白内障发生早并且进展快,因此,在 PDR 的治疗过程中,玻璃体切除术联合晶状体的手术是必需的。目前国内外不同的联合术式报道的临床疗效不甚一致 。文中总结 PDR 228 例,236 只眼,对玻璃体切除术联合超声乳化晶状体摘除同时人工晶体植入的手术后视力恢复、并发症的发生情况进行临床分析。
1 材料与方法
1.1 临床资料
我院从2006 年 3 月至2010 年 1 月 ,因 PDR 合并白内障行玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化同期人工晶体植入共 228 例(236 眼) ,年龄为 39~76 岁 ,平均57 岁,均为Ⅱ型糖尿病患者。按照我国 1984 年糖尿病视网膜病变分型分期标准 ,Ⅳ期55只眼 , Ⅴ期148只眼 , Ⅵ期25只眼,同时有明显程度不同的白内障。对所有的病例均行常规视力、矫正视力、眼压、眼部 A/B 超检查及人工晶体度数测量,角膜内皮计数仪检查、视觉电生理检查以及房角镜检查,了解有无虹膜新生血管(INV) ,术前5例有虹膜新生血管(INV)。术前45 例有视网膜激光光凝治疗史。
刘瑞菊,等:合并白内障的增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变联合手术效果及并发症的观察辽宁医学院学报 2010年8月,31(4)1.2 方法
1.2.1 术前准备
术前所有病例的血糖经内科治疗须控制在8.3 mmol/L以下,血压控制在150/90 mmHg以下,对合并有高血压、冠心病和肾功能不全者经内科治疗病情稳定后手术。
1.2.2 手术方法
常规消毒后新表灵表麻,切开上方球结膜,上方角巩缘反眉状隧道切口,侧辅切口,前房内黏弹剂注入,常规连续环型撕囊,水分离,超声乳化吸除晶体核及皮质、抛光后囊及囊袋,水密侧切口形成前房,此时先不植入人工晶体。之后球后麻醉,切开颞侧球结膜,颞下方角巩缘外3 mm切口,插入眼内灌注并固定,建立标准的三通道,进行前后段的玻璃体切除术,完全切除周边前段玻璃体和玻璃体后皮质,部分病例需在重水下行剥膜或在眼内电凝根部的新生血管膜后用玻璃体切除头切除较厚的增殖膜,解除局限性的牵引,用氩离子激光行视网膜广泛光凝,能量为 100~210 mW,曝光时间0.2~0.5 s,完成玻璃体视网膜手术后囊袋内注入粘弹剂并植入6 mm PMMA 人工晶体,冲洗前房内粘弹剂,水密侧切口至眼压Tn,根据眼内情况注气、注油或只用灌注液,拔除眼内灌注,缝合巩膜切口,缝合球结膜。
1.2.3 术后检查及随访
手术后每天检查视力、矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯、散瞳90D查眼底,出院后2 周、1个月、2个月、3个月复查,每次仔细记录所有患者的视力、眼压、角膜上皮愈合情况、前房炎症反应、NV 有无情况及视网膜情况。随访6~16个月,其间根据玻璃体及视网膜情况补充视网膜激光光凝治疗。
[1] [2] 下一页 |