【摘要】 目的:探讨近视眼二次LASIK手术病例临床特点、有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性系列病例研究。44例近视患者(72眼)接受二次LASIK,二次手术间隔时间为13.32±12.06(3~58)mo,二次LASIK术前平均残余屈光不正度为2.56±1.56 (7.25~+ 1.13)D;分析年龄、屈光度、角膜中央厚度、角膜瓣厚度、残余角膜基质厚度的特点及其对残余屈光不正度的影响。结果:二次术后UCVA为0.89±0.19(0.5~1.2)μm,等效球镜度(SE)为0.05±0.57D。二次术前CCT为502.69±31.45μm,与理论残余的456.08±26.04μm差异有统计学显著性意义(t=0.785,P=0.000);多元回归分析表明,在诸多因素中,术前预矫屈光度和切削深度对二次术前屈光度有显著性影响(F=73.442,P=0.000),回归方程:残余屈光不正度=0.317+0.588×术前等效球镜+0.031×切削深度。
结论:本组二次LASIK手术病例表明,预矫屈光度和切削深度是导致屈光回退的主要因素;术后角膜组织增生是LASIK远期屈光回退的机制之一;在严格控制角膜厚度和预矫屈光度的前提下,二次LASIK是安全、有效的。
【关键词】 近视; LASIK;二次治疗
Clinical effect of laser in situ keratomileusis retreatment on myopiaZhengWei Shen, Li Jiang,JinTao Wu,He Yin, Feng Chang, WenShan Jiang, Li LiDepartment of Ophthalmology, the Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, ChinaAbstractAIM: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) retreatment for correcting residual ametropia.METHODS: A retrospective study of 72 eyes of 44 cases who had a secondary LASIK procedure was carried out.After a mean followup of 13.32±12.06(358) months after the primary procedure, the mean myopic residual refraction was 2.56±1.56 diopters (D). The relation of age, center corenal thickness(CCT), corneal flap thickness and the residual stroma thickness of cornea with the residual ametropia were analyzed.RESULTS: The mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.89± 0.19(0.5 to 1.2)μm, the mean spherical equivalent(SE) was 0.05±0.57D (P <0.05) . The partner T test indicated that the CCT before the secondary LASIK,which was 502.69±31.54μm, was thicker than the theory residual CCT 456.08±26.04μm, and the difference was statistically sighificant(t=0.785,P=0.000). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the SE of preoperation and the depth of cut have prominence effect on the residual ametropia, the regression equation was residual ametropia =0.317+0.588×SE+0.031×depth of cut.CONCLUSION: The SE and depth of cut seem to be the main factors for refractive regression. The corneal stroma proliferation is the main mechanism to refractive regression. Secondary LASIK is an effective and safe method to treat residual ametropia after primary LASIK for myopia.
KEYWORDS: myopia; laser in situ keratomileusis; retreatment0引言
准分子激光角膜屈光手术已成为矫治近视的常规手段,准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK)是治疗屈光不正的主要手术方法,其安全性、有效性、可预测性好。但是部分病例存在术后欠矫、过矫、屈光回退等需要进行再次屈光手术,本文对本中心44例72眼连续二次LASIK病例做回顾性分析,分析其影响因素、二次LASIK的安全性和有效性,现报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
200209/200605来本院准分子激光中心行二次LASIK手术治疗的近视患者44例72眼,其中男18例30眼,女26例42眼,平均年龄27. 9±7.7岁。首次LASIK术前等效球镜度为9.55±2.86(2.38~15.75)D,其中等效球镜<6.00D为6眼(8.3%),BCVA 0.92±0.15(0.6~ 1.2),角膜中央厚度(CCT)为563.72±30.62μm,首次LASIK术中实时测量角膜瓣厚度为147.53±29.88(88~220)μm,理论切削深度为107.64±17.45(42~134)μm,理论残余基质厚度为308.56±32.56(253~423)μm,理论残余CCT为456.08±26.40μm,角膜安全系数(残余基质厚度/角膜厚度)为0.55±0.06(0.45~0.71)。二次LASIK术前平均屈光度为2.56±1.56(7.25~1.13)D,欠矫4眼(5.5%),其余均为屈光回退,CCT为502.69±31.54(430~577)μm,两次手术间隔时间为13.32±12.06(3~58)mo。
1.2方法
术前检查包括裸眼视力、主觉验光、角膜地形图、眼压、超声角膜测厚、裂隙灯显微镜检查眼前节、眼底检查。排除眼部及全身禁忌证。对二次LASIK适应证,原则上同初次LASIK,但应在综合考虑回退屈光度、矫正视力和角膜厚度的基础上,严格掌握。手术时间间隔2a以上或原角膜瓣厚度>160μm者,采用法国Moria M2角膜板层刀重新制瓣,其余病例采用掀开原角膜瓣后行准分子激光基质消融。准分子激光设备采用德国Wave light鹰视酷眼(Allegretto Wave EyeQ)准分子激光系统。术后予以可乐必妥滴眼液、1g/L氟米龙滴眼液以及爱丽滴眼液点眼。复查术后1d;1wk;1,3,6mo;1,2a的裸眼视力、主觉验光、角膜地形图,眼前节检查。
统计学分析:采用SPSS 11.0进行配对t检验、相关和多元回归分析。
2结果
二次LASIK术后UCVA为0.89±0.19(0.5~1.2)μm,残余等效球镜度(SE)为0.05±0.57D,BCVA与首次术前的0.92±0.15(0.6~1.2)相比,差异无统计学显著性意义,无BCVA丧失1行以上者;配对t检验显示,二次LASIK术前CCT大于首次理论残余CCT,差异有统计学显著性意义(t=0.788,P=0.000);二次术后随访期间无圆锥角膜等并发症。对患者年龄、首次术前等效球镜、术前角膜厚度、瓣厚、切削深度、残余厚度、安全系数、二次术前等效球镜、二次术前角膜厚度等因素进行回归分析,回归方程:残余屈光不正度=0.317+0.588×术前等效球镜+0.031×切削深度,首次术前预矫屈光度和切削深度对二次术前屈光度有显著性影响(F=73.442,P=0.000)。
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