【摘要】 目的 探讨锯齿缘离断视网膜脱离外路显微手术的临床效果。 方法 对连续28例(30眼)锯齿缘离断视网膜脱离,采用在显微镜下预置硅胶块和(或)环扎带缝线、放视网膜下液、经巩膜冷凝视网膜裂孔,核对裂孔在手术嵴前的位置和眼内注气术。 结果 先放视网膜下液后,通过冷凝头的巩膜压陷,在手术显微镜直视下可清楚地看到冷凝视网膜裂孔的反应,裂孔定位均位于手术嵴前。术中并发症是排液孔视网膜下少量出血和角膜上皮剥脱各3眼,术后并发症主要是青光眼和再发视网膜脱离。一次手术后视网膜复位29眼(96.7%),再次外路显微手术1眼,术后视网膜全部复位。术后视力比术前有显著提高(P<0.01)。 结论 应用视网膜脱离外路显微手术方法治疗锯齿缘离断视网膜脱离有着良好的手术效果。
Clinical observation of external approach microsurgery in ora serrata detachment
Zhang Ying,Hu Piqing,Sun Lixin,et al.
Department of Ophthalmology,The First People's Hospital of Changde,Hu'nan415000.
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of external approach microsurgery in ora serrata detachment.Meth-ods Consecutive30eyes of28patients with ora serrata detachment were enrolled in this study.The progresses of the external approach microsurgery were followed.Under the surgical microscopy,the preplacement of silicone and/or encir-cling following retrobulbar anesthesia and scleral exposure,draining subretinal fluid,the cryotherapy of retinal breaks,checking the position of breaks on scleral buckle and gas injection were performed in turn.Results After drainage of subretinal fluid,with scleral depression cryotherapy reaction around breaks could be observed clearly under the mi-croscopy.All breaks were located on anterior slope of the buckle.Intraoperative complications were mild subretinal hem-orrhage at drainage site and corneal epithelium exfoliation in3eyes,respectively.Postoperative complications were main-ly secondary glaucoma and retinal redetachment.The once-operation reattachmental rate was96.7%(29eyes),and the final reattachmental rate was100%after1eye had a second external approach microsurgery.The postoperative visual acuity(VA)was significantly better than the preoperative VA(χ 2 =9.529,P<0.01).Conclusion External approach microsurgery has remarkable effect on the surgery of ora serrata detachment.
Key words ora serrata detachment retinal detachment microsurgery
视网膜脱离外路显微手术是通过手术显微镜直接观察眼底和进行视网膜脱离手术的新方法。在常见的裂孔性视网膜脱离手术中已证实效果良好,和间接检眼镜下视网膜脱离外路手术效果一样 [1,2] 。然而,锯齿缘离断视网膜脱离的裂孔位于极周边部,该手术方法能否对锯齿缘离断性视网膜脱离也有着良好的手术效果尚无报道。本研究回顾性观察了视网膜脱离外路显微手术用于治疗锯齿缘离断视网膜脱离的手术效果,现将手术治疗效果报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 从2001年起,我院共收治28例(30眼)锯齿缘离断视网膜脱离患者,男21例,女7例,年龄12~47岁(平均25.7岁)。患者中右眼11例,左眼19例,其中双眼2例。有眼球挫伤史7眼,眼眶外伤史2眼,无明确外伤史21眼。患者病程在2~1440d(平均119d)。有过以前外路视网膜脱离手术史2眼。晶状体后囊下混浊2眼,其它患者晶状体透明。最佳矫正视力<0.113眼(43.3%);0.1~0.413眼(43.3%),≥0.54眼(13.3%)。眼压在1.3~20mmHg(平均10.4mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa)。
1.2 眼底检查 术前常规检查发现对侧眼锯齿缘离断性视网膜脱离2眼。术前检查没有发现视网膜裂孔,术中发现为锯齿缘离断3眼。锯齿缘离断部位:颞下象限22眼,下方3眼,鼻上象限2眼,鼻下象限1眼,颞侧1眼,颞上象限1眼。锯齿缘离断范围在0.3~5钟点之间,平均1.93个钟点,其中≥3个钟点有6眼;视网膜脱离范围1~12个钟点(平均6个钟点),伴黄斑区脱离26眼。增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)分级 [3] :A级9眼,B级21眼。已有视网膜下增生条索10眼。
1.3 手术方法 手术方法见参考文献 [1,2] 。简述手术步骤如下:球后麻醉,剪开球筋膜,暴露巩膜,肉眼下或在显微镜下预置硅胶块和(或)环扎带缝线。以下步骤均在显微镜下完成,排视网膜下液,经巩膜冷凝视网膜裂孔,顶压硅胶块核对裂孔在手术嵴前的位置和眼内注气术。因锯齿缘裂孔位于角膜缘后6~8mm,正好是外直肌附着位置,按公式计算硅胶块在巩膜表面的位置常难以将前面的巩膜缝线放置在角膜缘后6mm以前,一般仅在7~8mm处,所以,大部分病例均选用了5mm宽的硅胶块,以便将裂孔后缘填在手术嵴前最佳位置。
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