3 NF-κB抑制剂

    鉴于NF-κB的双重作用，因此，应根据其在不同疾病中的不同作用来促进或抑制NF-κB的活性。（1）NF-κB激活剂:细胞因子、有丝分裂原、氧化物和AngⅡ ［20］ 、HG等。（2）NF-κB抑制剂:抗氧化剂、NF-κB依赖性蛋白激酶抑制剂、IκB激酶抑制剂、肾上腺皮质激素、蛋白小体抑制剂、反义NF-κB和转录因子假结合体等。Ohta等在Lewis大鼠足底注射LPS诱发的眼内炎实验中，使用抗氧化剂PDTC（吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯）提前30min眼内注射，可有效减轻虹膜睫状体中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的mRNA表达，减轻其病理损害，这一机制也是通过抑制NF-κB的活性来完成的 ［21］ 。Tanito使用外源性硫醇抗氧化剂NAC（N-乙酰半胱氨酸）眼内注射，采用视网膜电流图描记等方法检测被白荧光000lux）照射2h的大鼠视网膜，发现NAC通过下调NF-κB的活性，可减轻感光细胞中还原型谷胱甘肽下降幅度，保护大鼠视网膜 ［22］ 。此外，类胡萝卜素 ［23］ 、地塞米松 ［13］ 、蛋白激酶C抑制剂和大剂量阿司匹林、etanercept、meloxicam ［8］ 、氯胺酮、IFN-γ（免疫干扰素）等均能抑制NF-κB的活性，在大部分病理过程中起良性作用。

    4 小结

   目前认为，NF-κB在转录水平与许多病理过程有联系，并且，其作用是否对机体有害并无绝对的定义，但目前倾向于NF-κB活性的适当表达对视网膜有益，但如何适当表达尚无定论。因此，NF-κB更深层次的研究还将持续下去。

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