【摘要】目的: 研究大鼠老化进程中晶状体蛋白由水溶性向水不溶性的转变特性,探讨对老年性白内障形成的可能作用。方法:采用双向电泳法,分析SD大鼠在老化进程中不同阶段(出生后1,8d;2,8wk;8mo;1.5a)晶状体蛋白α,β,γ由水溶性向水不溶性的时相性转变特性。结果:各年龄组大鼠晶状体蛋白水溶性及水不溶性成分的双向电泳图谱模式有较大相似性。结构蛋白αA2,αB2,βB2随老化进程,其水溶性成分均呈升高趋势;水不溶性成分中αA2,βB2含量亦随年龄增长而升高,αB2在大鼠出生8mo后呈明显升高。晶状体蛋白自出生后8wk起,即发生明显的翻译后修饰(蛋白斑点增加),尤其伴侣蛋白(αA2,αB2,同时也是结构蛋白)随老化其修饰成分增加十分明显,在水不溶性成分图谱中表现更为突出。出生后8wk前,βB2晶状体蛋白无论在水溶性或水不溶性成分中含量均极少;发育渐趋成熟该蛋白含量快速增加;出生8mo后成为晶状体蛋白中的主要成分,1.5a起成为含量最高的成分。结论:在大鼠老化进程中,不同晶状体蛋白其水溶性及水不溶性成分的变化趋势呈现不同特性。同种晶状体蛋白在不同年龄段存在量和/或质的变化。大鼠成长过程中晶状体蛋白变性显见于出生后8wk,其程度随老化而加重。
【关键词】 大鼠 老化 晶状体蛋白 水溶性 水不溶性 转变 Change of crystallins from water soluble into insoluble with ageing of rat
Cai-Guo Huang1,Jun Zhang2,Wen-Jie Li2, Ji-Fang Mao1
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30470681)
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China;2Central Laboratory,Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China
Correspondence to: Wen-Jie Li. Central Laboratory,Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433,[email protected]
Received: 2006-12-27 Accepted: 2007-01-20
Abstract
· AIM: To study the property of phasic changing of crystallins of SD rat from water soluble into water insoluble with aging and its role in the development of senile cataract.
· METHODS: Phasic changing of the three major crystallins (α,β,γ groups)were detected by two dimensional electropho- resis with aging (day 1,8;week 2, 8;month 8 and year 1.5 after birth) and also analyzed their property during the turning process.
· RESULTS: The patterns of their composition of both water soluble and insoluble crystallins were similar in different aging groups as detected by two dimensional electrophoresis. The relative quantity of the three major crystallins(αA2,αB2,βB2)increased as the ageing process in the water soluble fraction, but in water insoluble fraction, onlyαA2,βB2 crystallins increased as the aging process and the quantity ofαB2 increased significantly until 8 months after birth. Post-translation modification was observed in the major crystallins since 8 weeks after birth (increased crystallin spots) and the modification extent of chaperone crystallins (αA2,αB2,also are major structure proteins of lens)were apparent during the aging process, especially in the water insoluble fraction. The quantity of βB2 crystllin was relatively very low before the rat was 8 week old both in water soluble or water insoluble fraction, but increased quickly and became into the major constituent of lens proteins after 8 months old and even became into the highest one after 1.5 year old.
· CONCLUSION: There is different changing property and trending of the crystallins from water soluble into water insoluble fraction during the aging process for different crystallins. The quantity and (or) quality of a single crystallin change in different way with the different aging stage. Crystallins can be modified by many factors during ageing as the post translation modification, which become apparent even in the early stage (8 weeks after birth) and aggravate following the ageing process.
· KEYWORDS: rat; ageing; crystallin; water soluble; insoluble; changing
Huang CG, Zhang J,Li WJ, Mao JF.Change of crystallins from water soluble into insoluble with ageing of rat.Int J Ophthalmol(Guoji Yanke Zazhi) ,2007;7(1):46-48
0引言
白内障是最常见的致盲原因之一,是严重影响人类健康的常见病、多发病。国外研究表明: 55~64岁年龄段人群中,45%患有不同程度老年性白内障; 65~74岁年龄段患病率达75%;而75岁以上人群,患病率高达88%[1]。在各类白内障病例中,由老化所引起的老年性白内障占有绝大部分的比例。老化是一种不可避免的自然进程。在晶状体的发育成长过程中,不同晶状体蛋白的质和量均会发生改变,尤其是水溶性成分向水不溶性的转变并在晶状体中的集聚,将直接影响晶状体的正常透光性及折射能力,并最终影响老年性白内障的发生、发展。因此,了解晶状体蛋白随老化的变化动态,有助于对老年性白内障发病机制的研究。为此,我们在前期报道了大鼠主要水溶性晶状体蛋白在老化进程中的时相变化[2,3]的基础上,又进一步研究了上述主要晶状体蛋白的水不溶性成分的时相性改变,并重点分析、比较了3种主要晶状体蛋白(αA2,αB2,βB2)的转变特性,探讨其对老年性白内障发病的可能作用。
1材料和方法
1.1材料 两性载体(ampholine pH3.5~10.0)购自Pharmacy公司;丙烯酰胺、N,N’-甲叉双丙烯酰胺、疏水膜(PVDF)及电泳蛋白标准购自BioRad公司;其余试剂均购自Sigma公司。扫描系统采用图像密度仪[Video densitometer,应用软件为Bio-scanner VGA 1) Camera Hi-Res2-D Scanning, 2) Hi-Res View & Process 2-D Data Zeineh,美国];等电聚焦采用多用电泳仪(Multiphor II, LKB公司,瑞典);SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)采用微量蛋白分析系统(Mini Protein 3 System, BioRad公司,美国)。常规饲养SD大鼠,出生后1,8d;2,8wk;8mo及1.5a,每组6~20只,由第二军医大学动物中心提供。将大鼠用CO2或断颈法处死,仔细剥离眼晶状体,置于Whatman 3mm滤纸上轻轻沾去污物,分别将眼晶状体储存于-80°C备用(6mo内使用)。
1.2方法 晶状体蛋白的分离和纯化参见文献[2]。对应各大鼠实验组,每次实验根据晶状体大小分别取1~4对眼晶状体,质量50~70mg,溶化后加入0.04mol/L、pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液(含0.1mol/L NaCl,1mmol/L EDTA,3mmol/L β-巯基乙醇) 1mL,用玻璃匀浆器(Dounce 匀浆器)研磨,10 000g离心20min取上清;将沉淀物重复上述步骤共3次,合并上清测定蛋白浓度;部分上清液经柱(SephadexG-200)分离,部分可直接用于双向电泳分离;剩余沉淀物留作水不溶性(8mol/L尿素)蛋白成分的提取用。脲溶性晶状体蛋白的提取参见文献[4,5]。在提取水溶性晶状体蛋白成分的沉淀物中,加入8mol/L尿素缓冲液0.5mL,置于冰上,用玻璃匀浆器研磨,10 000g离心20min取上清;将沉淀物重复上述步骤共3次,合并上清,测定蛋白浓度并用于双向电泳分离。等电聚焦参见文献[4,5],每条带上样量70μg。SDS-PAGE电泳参见文献[4,5]。凝胶经考马斯亮蓝G250染色后脱色,用图像密度仪扫描,并用2-D 图谱分析软件进行分析(Zeineh, 美国):选体积较大、蛋白集中、灰度最深的点作为参照点(该点灰度值视为最大),以无蛋白处的凝胶黑度作为背景,测定主要晶状体蛋白的体积及灰度等项指标,给出相对定量值[2]。
2 结果
2.1水溶性晶状体蛋白时相性改变 不同年龄组水溶性晶状体蛋白成分双向电泳图,各有20余种蛋白亚型,分属于α,β及γ3类。3种主要晶状体蛋白αA2,αB2及βB2的相对含量随老化均呈年龄依赖性升高(分别为:r =0.890, P<0.05;r=0.930, P<0.01;r=0.938,P<0.01)。其余晶状体蛋白随老化进程含量呈逐渐下降或升降无规律[2]。
2.2水不溶性晶状体蛋白时相性改变 晶状体蛋白水不溶性双向电泳图谱与水溶性成分有较大相似性(图1)。水不溶性成分中αA2,βB2含量亦随年龄增长而升高,尤其以βB2增加趋势更加显著;αB2在大鼠出生8mo后呈明显升高(图1,2)。随着老化进程有大量水溶性晶状体蛋白逐渐转化为水不溶性成分,并在晶状体中累聚增加;αA2,αB2及βB2等不溶性蛋白斑点随年龄增长而急剧增大。水不溶性晶状体蛋白αA2及αB2的翻译后修饰(脱酰胺)产物[6](αA1及αB1)的相对含量自大鼠8wk龄起,呈极显著增加(图1D-F,E-F)。 晶状体蛋白γ组分进入老龄(1.5a)后,有明显的下降(图1F)。
图1 大鼠脲溶性成分的双向电泳图谱 A: 1d, B: 8 d, C: 2 wk, D: 8 wk, E: 8 mo, F: 1.5 a
图2 αA2,βB2 水溶性及脲溶性成分随老化进程变化趋势比较
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