【摘要】目的:评估免散瞳眼底照相技术与直接眼底镜检查作为糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)筛查方法时与金标准荧光造影的比较性研究,并将比较后的数据统计分析,计算每种方法的敏感度、特异度、KAPPA值以筛选出快捷、高效的DR筛查方法。
方法:对54例(105眼)在我院门诊就诊或住院的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者,进行散瞳直接眼底镜检查、免散瞳眼底照相及眼底荧光造影检查,而后分别对直接眼底镜检查和眼底荧光造影、免散瞳眼底照相和眼底荧光造影检查的结果统计分析。
结果:在检出DR的结果中,直接眼底镜检查和免散瞳眼底照相的敏感度分别是63.4%、86.8%,特异度分别是76.9%、92.3%,Youden指数分别是41.1%、79.1%,卡帕检验的一致性分别是41.9%、80.7%。在检出有高度视力丧失危险的DR结果中,直接眼底镜检查和免散瞳眼底照相的敏感性分别是65.5%、93.1%,特异性分别是94.7%、97.4%,Youden指数分别是60.3%、90.5%,卡帕检验的一致性分别是39.1%、61.2%。
结论:对于检出DR及检出有高度视力丧失危险的DR病变,免散瞳眼底照相较直接眼底镜检查有更高的敏感性、特异性并卡帕检验的一致性好,结合临床考虑,认为免散瞳眼底照相技术可以作为 DR的一种优化的筛查方法。
【关键词】 免散瞳眼底照相 糖尿病视网膜病变 筛查
Research of nonmydriasis photography for diabetic retinopathy screening
Sheng Jiang, Li Zhang, Kemaier Aizezi
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Department of Ophthalmology, General Army Hospital of Armed Police, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Abstract AIM: To evaluate nonmydriasis photography and direct funduscopy for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening, compared with the gold standard fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA), and to calculate sensitivity, specificity and kappa value of every method and screen a method of fast, highperformance detecting DR. METHODS: Fiftyfour cases (105 eyes) with Ⅱtype diabetes underwent nonmydriatic, digital fundus photography using a nonmydriatic fundus photography, and direct funduscopy with dilation of their pupils. Then, we carried out statistics contrast study of direct funduscopy and FFA, nonmydriatic digital fundus photography and FFA respectively. RESULTS: For screening DR, the sensitivity of direct funduscopy and nonmydriatic fundus photography was 63.4% and 86.8%; the specificity was 76.9% and 92.3%; Youden index was 41.1% and 79.1%, and the kappa value was 41.9% and 80.7%, respectively. For screening DR with high threatening of vision loss, the sensitivity of direct funduscopy and nonmydriatic fundus photography was 65.5% and 93.1%; the specificity was 94.7% and 97.4%; Youden index was 60.3% and 90.5%, and the kappa value was 39.1% and 61.2% , respectively. CONCLUSION: Either for screening DR or for screening DR with high threatening of vision loss, nonmydriatic fundus photography has better sensitivity, specificity and kappa value than direct funduscopy. Linking clinical view of shortcut, convenient and cheap, nonmydriatic fundus photography may be useful as a method of screening for diabetic retinopathy. KEYWORDS: nonmydriatic fundus photography; diabetic retinopathy; screening
0引言 糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是大多数发达国家工作阶段人口的主要致盲原因。随着全世界糖尿病患者的增加, DR将继续成为导致视力下降和视觉相关功能损害的主要原因[1]。DR的早期筛查及诊断是预防视力下降的关键,国际上对DR筛查的必要性已达成了共识,但对于何种方法是快捷、高效、简便、价廉的筛查方法仍未达成一致性意见。本文旨在探讨免散瞳眼底照相技术作为DR筛查及诊断方法的有效性。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 选取54例(105眼)在我院门诊就诊或住院的T2DM患者,糖尿病诊断以WHO1999标准为准,并排除严重心脏病、高血压、肾功能衰竭、药物过敏者。男34例,女20例。平均年龄为53.2岁。患者病程2mo~24a(平均7.9a)。
1.2方法
1.2.1直接眼底镜检查 以复方托品酰胺眼液1滴点眼1~2次,于瞳孔大于5mm时,由眼科专业人员进行直接眼底镜检查,以2002年国际DR严重程度分级标准进行诊断。
1.2.2免散瞳眼底照相 使用日本免散瞳Canon CR645NM彩色数码眼底照相机,拍摄60°眼底后极部的彩色照片,以上述标准进行眼底病变诊断。
1.2.3眼底荧光造影检查 经200g/L荧光素钠过敏试验阴性者,以10~20mg/kg, 3~5mL于4~5s内注射完毕,进行5~7个视野拍摄,尽量包括全部眼底。 统计学处理:采用SPSS 13.0软件包中评价诊断试验的统计方法,以荧光造影结果为金标准。分别评价直接眼底镜和免散瞳照相的结果,进行KAPPA检验, KAPPA值为 0.61以上则为一种优化的筛查方法。并计算统计指标包括敏感性(Se)、特异性(Sp)、Youden指数。
2结果 直接眼底镜(表1)及眼底照相(表2)两种方法检出DR的结果及其一致性评价(表3)。直接眼底镜检查和免散瞳眼底照相的敏感度分别是63.4%、86.8%,特异度分别是76.9%、92.3%,Youden指数分别是41.1%、79.1%,卡帕检验的一致性分别是41.9%、80.7%。免散瞳眼底照相的敏感性、特异性均明显高于直接眼底镜检查,并卡帕检验有高度一致性,有优于直接眼底镜检查。 直接眼底镜(表4)及眼底照相(表5)两种方法检出4~5期DR的结果及其一致性评价(表6)。直接眼底镜检查和免散瞳眼底照相的敏感性分别是65.5%、93.1%,特异性分别是94.7%、97.4%,Youden指数分别是60.3%、90.5%,卡帕检验的一致性分别是39.1%、61.2%。免散瞳眼底照相与直接眼底镜检查的特异性基本一致,但敏感性明显高于直接眼底镜检查,并卡帕检验有明显一致性,优于直接眼底镜检查。
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