PCO是儿童白内障术后最常见的并发症,其形成是由于残留前囊膜的LEC增长,移行并逐渐纤维化的结果,儿童发生率与其增殖旺盛有关,加之儿童炎症较成人重,完整的玻璃体前界膜不仅可以作为LEC增生的支架,还可作为化生的色素上皮细胞及因房水屏障破坏而增生的细胞增生的支架,易形成渗出性纤维膜。术后色素反应,渗出也参与了PCO的形成,结果在瞳孔区后囊膜上形成机化膜,从而导致视功能下降。Nd:YAG激光晶体后囊膜切开术是目前治疗后发障迅速、有效的方法,但并非适合所有患者,儿童PCO患者由于年龄小,无法很好地固视,故很难配合进行Nd:YAG激光晶体后囊膜切开术,加之儿童晶体后囊膜混浊致密,甚至纤维化,人工晶体眼PCO又与IOL紧密相贴,Nd:YAG激光有时无法切开混浊的后囊膜。1990年Gimbel[10]最早提出了在儿童白内障手术进行PCCC来消除PCO的发生,经过19个月随访,PCO的发生率为15.6%,证实了PCCC能明显降低PCO的发生率,但不能完整阻止PCO的发生。Pards[11]提出在儿童白内障手术时联合PCCC+AV,BenEzra等[12]在行PCCC+AV后经过2年随访,未发现明显的PCO。目前研究认为PCCC是儿童白内障手术预防PCO的必要步骤,单纯的PCCC可以有效延缓却无法消除PCO的发生,因为LEC能以玻璃体前界膜作为支架移行到视轴区进行增殖、纤维化。因此,在行PCCC的同时行Ⅰ期AV术,能明显降低PCO的发生率,且能提高对比敏感度。但AV有可能使IOL偏心,黄斑囊样水肿,视网膜脱离等并发症有所增加。
Jensea等[13]等认为年龄是儿童白内障手术后产生PCO最重要的风险因素,<6岁的儿童PCO发生率高,导致弱视的机会大,应行PCCC+AV,>6岁患儿PCO的发生率明显降低,保留完整的后囊膜有助于IOL的稳定,即使出现PCO患儿也能较好地配合行Nd:YAG激光后囊切开治疗。
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