【摘要】 目的:探讨糖皮质激素性青光眼的病因,临床特点及预防治疗。方法:对35例(64眼)糖皮质激素性青光眼患者资料进行分析。结果:35例中,男24例,女11例,年龄9~59(平均28.8)岁。局部应用糖皮质激素27例(77%),全身用药8例(23%)。19眼停用糖皮质激素后眼压得到控制;22眼给予局部和全身使用抗青光眼药物治疗后,眼压得到控制;13眼眼压未得到控制,通过手术治疗。结论:糖皮质激素性青光眼多发生于青年男性,滥用糖皮质激素药物是发生糖皮质激素性青光眼的重要原因,强调要合理应用糖皮质激素,避免医源性青光眼的发生。
【关键词】 糖皮质激素;开角型;青光眼
Clinical analysis of 35 cases glucocorticoid glaucoma
HuiMin Shi
Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangfan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Xiangfan 441021, Hubei Province, China
Abstract AIM: To investigate the etiology, clinical characterisitics, prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid glaucoma (GIG). METHODS: Analyze 35 cases (64 eyes) with glucocorticoid glaucoma patients. RESULTS: Thirtyfive cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma, including 24 males and 11 females, in the age range 959 years, average 28.8 years. 27 cases were given glucocorticoid locally (77%), 8 cases were given it systemically (23%). The ocular tensions of 19 eyes were controlled after stopping glucocorticoid administration; the ocular tentions of 22 eyes were controlled by using antiglaucoma drug locally and systematically. The ocular tensions of 13 eyes were not controlled satisfactorily and had been operated. CONCLUSION: This kind of disease is popular in male youth. Abusing of glucocorticoid drugs is an important reasons for glucocorticoid glaucoma . It is very important that appropriate prescription for reducing the iatrogenic glaucoma. KEYWORDS: glucocorticoid; openangel; glaucoma
0引言 近年来,由于糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid, GC)在临床的应用范围日趋扩大,局部或全身应用糖皮质激素引起的继发性开角型青光眼有逐年增多的趋势[1]。其中不少患者由于原发病症状的掩盖或无症状的慢性高眼压等多种原因,造成青光眼的误诊和漏诊,导致视功能的严重损害。本文对200001/200701我院收治的35例糖皮质激素性青光眼 (glucocorticoid induced glaucoma, GIG)的病因,临床特点,治疗方法及预防措施进行探讨和分析,报告如下。 1对象和方法
1.1对象 收集本院200001/200701 35例(64眼)GIG患者,其中男24例,女11例;年龄9~59(平均28.8)岁;<40岁者29例,≥40岁者6例。原发病情况:过敏性结膜炎5例,春季卡他性结膜炎8例,沙眼2例,翼状胬肉术后4例,浅层巩膜炎2例,准分子激光角膜切削术后6例,多发性肌炎1例,系统性红斑狼疮2例,慢性肾炎肾病综合征3例,风湿性关节炎2例。用药情况:眼局部应用GC 27例(52眼),其中0.25g/L地塞米松眼药水18例(36眼),典必殊眼药水9例(16眼),每例患者均详细询问和记录使用GC药品名称、浓度、剂量及用药时间。双眼局部用药发生双眼GIG 28例;双眼用药发生单眼GIG,另眼发生糖皮质激素性高眼压3例;单眼用药单眼发病,另眼正常者4例。全身静滴地塞米松或口服强的松8例(12眼),用药时间3mo~5a不等。
1.2方法 诊断标准:(1)眼局部和全身长期使用GC病史,用药时间>3mo。(2)具有类似开角型青光眼的临床表现,多次检测眼压≥22mmHg。(3)视野和视神经损害程度与用药时间基本相同。(4)可伴有或不伴有晶体后囊下混浊。(5)停药后眼压可下降,但不能恢复到正常水平。(6)无家族性青光眼病史及眼外伤史。所有患者均进行裂隙灯显微镜眼前段检查,眼底检查,眼压测量,前房角镜检查,视野检查(OCTOPUS视野计),散瞳检查晶状体和周边部视网膜。确诊为GIG后,立即局部停用糖皮质激素,全身用药者视病情调整减量。本组19眼停用糖皮质激素后,眼压及视野逐渐恢复正常。45眼根据眼压情况局部应用降眼压眼药水(噻吗心安眼药水或派立明眼药水),同时并用毛果芸香碱眼药水点眼,必要时加用乙酰唑胺或(和)静滴高渗脱水剂(200g/L甘露醇);其中13眼药物未能控制眼压,并有明显的视功能损害,遂行小梁切除术,其中9眼行青光眼白内障联合手术+后房型人工晶状体植入术,术后随访6mo~3a眼压控制正常。
2结果
2.1眼部临床表现 (1)症状:间断性眼部酸胀感17例,进行性视力下降19例,眼部不适伴头部疼痛5例。(2)体征:所有患者均为开角型青光眼,前房深度正常,眼压≥22mmHg,视盘凹陷增大。0.4≤C/D<0.6者36眼,0.6≤C/D<0.8者21眼,C/D≥0.8者7眼。合并糖皮质激素性白内障34眼,晶状体后极部后囊膜下有灰白色颗粒状结构聚集成斑状混浊,部分呈彩色点样结晶。(3)屈光及视力:本组合并近视者56眼,屈光度数:2.00~14.00D。视力≥0.3者30眼,0.1≤视力<0.3者28眼,视力<0.1者6眼。(4)房角镜检查:均为宽角,小梁网表面粘附色素颗粒增多,且分布不均。(5)视野检查:视野正常者14眼,视野出现小范围的中心暗点及旁中心暗点12眼,出现弓形及环状视野缺损者25眼,仅剩管状视野者3眼。
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