作者:张广舒,刘岩
作者单位:(110001)中国辽宁省沈阳市和平区中心医院眼科;(110001)中国辽宁省沈阳市,中国医科大学附属第一医院眼科
【摘要】目的:观察几种不同能量激光对泪道组织所造成的损伤程度和恢复过程。
方法:应用Nd∶YAG激光,通过400μm激光纤维插入到10只新西兰白兔和5只家犬的泪道内分别进行10,15,20和25W输出功率的泪道内激光实验。
结果:输出功率为10~20W的损伤主要限于上皮层,极少累及上皮下层。输出功率为25W的损伤较重且易致瘢痕结缔组织增生。单纯上皮层损伤一般20d可以修复,伴有较深层损伤通常需要60d才能完成修复。
结论:以输出功率10~20W进行泪道管腔内激光切除局部阻塞是安全有效的。
【关键词】 泪道 Nd YAG激光 实验动物
Observation of the concussion degree of lacrimal tissues caused by Nd∶YAG lasers and its recovery process
GuangShu Zhang, Yan Liu
Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Heping District, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
Abstract AIM: To evaluate the concussion degree of lacrimal tissues caused by lasers at different energy levels, and to observe its recovery process. METHODS: The introocular laser experiments were conducted using Nd∶YAG lasers with output power of 10, 15, 20 and 25W respectively, by inserting 400μm optic fibers into lacrinal passages of four white rabbits from New Jersey and five domestic dogs. RESULTS: The results showed that when the output power was 1020W, the injury was mainly limited in epithelial layer rarely involving subeoithelial layer. Epithelial layer with simpleinjury could recover in 2030 days. If combined by deeper injury, it would take 3060 days to finish the recovery. CONCLUSION: The experiments indicate that it is safe and effective to remove local obstruction by using introocular lasers with output power of 1020W. KEYWORDS: lacrimal duct;Nd∶YAG laser;experiment animal
0引言 Nd∶YAG激光具有方向性好,对组织穿透力强的特点,配上纤细柔韧的导光纤维而被广泛地用于人体内各种管道性组织的腔内汽化和切除异常组织,达到腔内成形术目的,拓宽了激光的治疗前景,眼的泪道系统细小、狭长、极易患阻塞性疾病,溢泪溢脓作为潜在感染灶,易致角膜溃疡及眼部手术的感染,非手术疗法虽简便但疗效差;手术疗法可提高疗效,但损伤大、操作复杂,眼面部易遗留瘢痕[16]。我们进行过两批动物眼的泪道内激光实验,以寻找一组能消融异常组织安全有效的激光能量范围,实验结果报告如下。
1材料和方法
1.1材料 成年和体征接近的新西兰白兔10只,体质量5~6.5kg,硫喷妥钠35mg/kg ip全身麻醉。不同年龄家犬5只,体质量15~21.5kg,硫喷妥钠40mg/kg ip全身麻醉。武汉莱尔康有限公司生产的LEK~8000型Nd∶YAG激光治疗机,激光物质为Nd∶YAG,激光波长1064nm,光纤直径400μm,光纤刀头输出功率0~60W连续可调,发散角20°,最小脉冲时间0.1s。该机本身带有功率计,以保证输出的能量准确可靠。
1.2方法 将动物麻醉后用泪道探通方式将手术针头插入泪小管,泪囊,直至鼻泪管,将导光纤维的刀头紧贴泪道的一侧管壁发射激光。并逐渐从泪道中推出光纤,用激光照射泪道管壁。兔的右眼用10~15W,左眼用20~25W功率照射,其中泪囊和鼻泪管侧右眼以10~15W,左眼以15~20W功率照射,并且每只犬均以15W输出功率作为一个泪小点切开。激光照射后兔和犬分别在4,7,20,60和90d处死,取下泪道组织,标本一分为二,分别以40g/L甲醛和30g/L戊二醛固定,进行光镜和电镜检查。
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