【摘要】目的:探讨微型角膜刀准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(EpiLASIK)对近视眼波前像差,尤其是高阶像差的影响。
方法:应用Custom VueTM波前像差仪采集31例(62眼)行EpiLASIK手术的近视患者的术前及术后1,6mo的波前像差,对所得的数据进行统计学分析。
结果:EpiLASIK术前的波前像差的分布以低阶像差占优势,为(90.12±1.02)%,高阶像差占(9.88±2.03)%。术后1mo高阶像差显著增加,整体高阶像差及各级高阶像差与术前比差异有显著性(P<0.01),高阶像差占(59.24±2.14)%,低阶像差占(40.76±3.06)%,高阶像差整体平均增加2.52倍,以二次彗差增加最多,达3.03倍,以二次球差增加其次,达2.84倍。术后6mo高阶像差占(51.74±3.08)%,低阶像差占(48.26±4.21)%。与术前相比,整体高阶像差差异仍有显著性(P<0.01),二次彗差和二次球差比术前仍有显著增加(P<0.01),但优势高阶像差彗差和球差逐渐恢复到术前水平,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。与术后1mo相比,高阶像差均有所减小,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。术前近视度数与术后各时期的整体高阶像差呈正相关,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。
结论:常规EpiLASIK术后高阶像差比术前明显增大,以二次彗差和二次球差为最显著,随着时间的推移有所减小,但不能恢复术前水平。术前近视度数越高,术后高阶像差越大。
【关键词】 屈光;近视;激光;角膜磨镶术;波前像差
Influence of EpiLASIK on highorder aberrations of myopic eyes
Jing Chen, SuNing Han, JinYin Deng, Kui Xian Yi
Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
Correspondence to:Jing Chen. Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China. [email protected]
Abstract AIM: To observe and evaluate the influence of epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis (EpiLASIK) on highorder aberrations in myopic eyes.METHODS: Sixtytwo myopic eyes (31cases) were evaluated by the Custom VueTM wave analyzer at pre EpiLASIK, 1 month, and 6 months after EpiLASIK. The root mean square (RMS) values of aberrations were analyzed by SPSS10.0 statistics software.RESULTS: Before EpiLASIK, the constituent ratio of low order aberrations was(90.12±1.02)%, and highorder aberrations accounted for(9.88±2.03)%. One month after surgery, highorder aberrations had increased significantly(P<0.01). The constituent ratios of low order aberrations and highorder aberrations were(40.76±3.06)% and(59.24±2.14)% respectively. The total number of highorder aberrations increased 2.52 times over that preoperatively, especially second coma increased 3.03 times, spherical aberration increased 2.84 times. Six months after EpiLASIK, the constituent ratios of low order aberrations and highorder aberrations were(48.26±4.21)% and(51.74±3.08)%. The total number of highorder aberrations, second coma and spherical aberration were larger than that preoperatively(P<0.01). Advantageous highorder aberrations had decreased with time. There was a significant positive correlation between severity of myopia and the total number of highorder aberrations after surgery(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Conventional EpiLASIK increases highorder aberrations, especially second coma and spherical aberration. highorder aberrations after surgery tend to decrease with time, but can not return to preoperative values. The higher the myopia was, the greater the number of highorder aberrations were after surgery. KEYWORDS: refractive;myopia;laser;keratomileusis;wavefront aberration
引言
准分子激光屈光性角膜手术发展20a来,随着屈光手术者的不断努力探索,先后出现了准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy, PRK)、准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK)、准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术(laser epithelial keratomileusis, LASEK)、微型角膜刀准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术(epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis,EpiLASIK)。EpiLASIK手术鉴于在适应证上的特点和术后视觉质量的潜在优势,引起了广泛的关注。随着屈光手术技术的不断完善,愈来愈多的医生认识到这类手术在改善视力的同时,也带来了一系列问题,如对比敏感度的降低、夜间眩光、低对比度视力的下降等等。随着波前像差概念的引入及其原理研究的深入,人们逐渐认识到这些问题与眼波前像差的改变密不可分。为了全面评价EpiLASIK治疗近视的临床疗效,我们通过Custom VueTM波前像差仪评估EpiLASIK手术对近视眼波前像差,尤其是高阶像差的影响。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
选择200511/200610在我院准分子激光中心接受EpiLASIK手术的近视患者31例(62眼)作为研究对象。其中男11例(22眼),女20例(40眼);年龄18~34(平均25.26±4.08)岁。等效球镜2.75~10.25D,平均(6.98±1.02)D。所有患者的屈光度数均稳定2a以上。配戴软性角膜接触镜者,术前停戴2wk以上。除外眼部疾病,全身排除胶原结缔组织病、瘢痕体质、糖尿病、免疫缺陷性疾病。常规术前检查包括眼部裂隙灯、全视网膜镜、角膜地形图、角膜测厚、眼压等。屈光检查:主觉验光结合电脑、检影和散瞳验光。波前像差检查:采用美国VISX公司Custom VueTM波前像差仪。测量是在暗室充分休息后自然瞳孔下由同一位医生实施,筛选出接近主觉验光的3次测量结果,取平均值。
1.2方法 所有患者由同一术者完成,均采用美国VISX Star4激光机。采用Moria平推型微型角膜上皮刀制作直径8.5~9mm角膜上皮瓣。翻转上皮瓣至鼻侧,接下来是传统的PRK治疗,根据设计的参数进行激光切削,激光切削完毕后,用BSS冲洗基质床,湿润上皮瓣并复位,并使其贴附对位良好,放置角膜接触镜。EpiLASIK术后戴平光软性角膜接触镜3~5d,视上皮瓣愈合情况而定。术后用药以梯度递减为好。1~5d使用抗生素可乐必妥滴眼液、糖皮质激素眼药水典必舒及非甾体类抗炎眼药水安贺拉,4次/d。在取掉角膜接触镜后,改为低效糖皮质激素眼药水1g/L艾氟龙,第1mo,4次/d,第2mo,3次/d,根据haze情况及屈光度做相应调整。 统计学处理:通过Custom VueTM波前像差仪获取波前像差的均方根(root mean square,RMS)值。包括整体高阶像差的RMS值(RMSh)、3~6阶高阶像差的RMS值(RMS3~6)。所有资料用SPSS10.0软件包进行处理。对术前术后的RMS值进行方差分析。两个变量比较采用直线相关分析。
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