【摘要】 目的 研究远视性屈光参差患儿的调节幅度和调节滞后量,并比较其主导眼和非主导眼的差别。方法 18例远视性屈光参差患儿,年龄6.5~15(10.5±2.6)岁,屈光参差度+1.75~5.0(+3.5±0.9)D,7例伴有单眼轻中度弱视,11例不伴弱视。采用动态检影法检查患者40 cm处的调节滞后情况,移近法测量调节幅度,区分主导眼和非主导眼,并与同期就诊的25例远视屈光不正患儿[年龄7~14(9.8±2.4)岁,屈光度(+4.5±2.3)D]和20例正视儿童[年龄7~12(9.5±2.6)岁]进行对照比较。采用t检验对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果 远视性屈光参差患儿主导眼的调节幅度和调节滞后量分别为(13.3±3.2)D和(0.79±0.39)D,与正视儿童及远视屈光不正患儿无明显差别;非主导眼的调节幅度为(11.3±3.3)D,与正视儿童及远视屈光不正患儿无明显差别;调节滞后量为(1.10±0.12)D,与正视儿童及远视屈光不正患儿差异均有统计学意义(t=2.79,P=0.03;t=2.95,P=0.02)。远视性屈光参差患儿主导眼和非主导眼的调节幅度和调节滞后量不同,差异均有显著的统计学意义(t=3.12,P=0.006;t=4.10,P=0.001)。伴弱视者主导眼调节滞后量比无弱视者主导眼调节滞后量大,差异有统计学意义(t=2.43,P=0.027),而两组非主导眼的调节滞后量的差异无统计学意义(t=0.78,P=0.45)。结论 儿童和青少年远视性屈光参差的主导眼和非主导眼的调节幅度和调节滞后不同;其主导眼的调节功能与同龄儿童无明显差别,非主导眼的调节功能存在缺陷。伴弱视者,其主导眼的调节功能也存在缺陷。
【关键词】 调节功能;调节幅度;调节滞后;屈光参差
Accommodative function in adolescent hyperopic anisometropes
CHEN Jie, WANG Yuanyuan, YU Xinping, et al.
Hospital of Ophthalmolgy and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou China, 325027
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the accommodative lag and accommodative amplitude in the adolescent hyperopic anisometrope and to compare the differences of them between the dominant and non-dominant eyes. Methods The accommodative lag and amplitude of dominant and non-dominant eyes were assessed in 63 cases of school-age subjects [18 hyperopic anisometropes with a refractive error of (3.5±0.9)D and an age range of 6.5~15(10.5±2.6)years; 25 hyperopes with a refractive error of (4.5±2.3)D and an age range of 7~14(9.8±2.4)years and 20 emmetropes with an age range of 7~12(9.5±2.6)years. Accommodative lag was assessed using MEM dynamic retinoscopy and accommodative amplitude was assessed with a push-up test. The binocular vision function was studied at the same time. Results The accommodative amplitude and lag of the dominant eyes were (13.3±3.2)D and (0.79±0.39)D in the 18 hyperopic anisometropic patients. There was no significant difference in the accommodative lag and amplitude of the dominant eyes between the anisometropes and the hyperopic and emmetropic groups. The accommodative amplitude and lag of the non-dominant eyes were (11.3±3.3)D and (1.10±0.12)D in the anisometropic group. The accommodative lag of the non-dominant eyes in the anisometropic group was greater than that of the hyperopic and emmetropic groups (t=2.79, P=0.03; t=2.95, P=0.02). Both the accommodative lag and amplitude between the dominant and non-dominant eyes were significantly different in the anisometropic group(t=3.12, P=0.006; t=4.10, P=0.001). The accommodative lag of the dominant eyes in patients with amblyopia was greater than that of patients without amblyopia (t=2.43, P=0.027), while the accommodative lag of the non-dominant eyes was not significantly different (t=0.78, P=0.45). Conclusion The accommodative function (accommodative lag and amplitude) of the dominant and non-dominant eye has significant differences in the adolescent hyperopic anisometrope. There is an accommodative dysfunction in the non-dominant eye.
[Key words] accommodative function; accommodative amplitude; accommodative lag; anisometropia
屈光参差患儿由于双眼屈光度的不同,双眼调节功能水平有所不同,调节功能协调性受影响[1]。研究发现,屈光不正性弱视和斜视性弱视患者的弱视眼调节功能明显不足,包括调节幅度低、调节滞后度大、调节反应水平低,经过弱视治疗后调节功能水平明显提高[2-4]。远视性屈光参差患儿多伴有单眼弱视,那么健眼和弱视眼的调节功能状态如何?患眼的调节功能状态对屈光矫正和弱视治疗的影响如何?本研究就此随诊观察远视性屈光参差患儿的双眼调节功能状态,并与同龄的正视和远视屈光不正患儿进行对照比较。
1 对象和方法
1.1 研究对象 2006年7月至9月我院斜弱视专科远视性屈光参差性患儿18例,为学龄期儿童和青少年(6~15岁),能配合检查,男女不限;无明显斜视、眼球运动障碍,既往无手术史,无眼部器质性病变。同期就诊的20例正视儿童和25例远视屈光不正患儿作为对照组。远视性屈光参差患儿入选标准为:双眼屈光参差>1.5 D,散光<1.5 D且少于1/2球镜度数;远视屈光不正标准为:屈光度≥+0.75 D;正视眼标准为:-0.5~+0.5 D。
三组研究对象的一般资料见表1。18例屈光参差患儿的屈光度:低屈光不正眼为+0.75~+4.5 D,平均(+1.6±1.4)D;高屈光不正眼为+2.75~+6.75 D,平均为(+5.0±0.95)D;双眼屈光度差为+1.75~+5.0 D,平均为(+3.5±0.9)D。检查时11例患儿无弱视, 7例仍有单眼轻中度弱视;回顾病史,此18例患儿初诊时均伴有单眼弱视。正视和远视患儿双眼矫正视力均≥4.9,各组间年龄差异无统计学意义。屈光参差患儿的主导眼均为低屈光不正眼,非主导眼为高屈光不正眼。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 所有患儿进行屈光状态检查,首诊患儿予1%阿托品眼膏(2次/d,共3 d)行睫状肌麻痹后检影验光,停药后3周复诊;复诊时于检影后行主觉验光,根据最高正度数最佳矫正视力原则处方配镜。
1.2.2 远、近视力检查用LogMAR视力表,远距离为4 m,近距离为40 cm,普通光照明,记录时转换为5分法。
1.2.3 调节滞后的测量 戴框架远用矫正眼镜,普通光照明下按照MEM法测量[5]:40 cm距离进行动态检影,嘱患儿持续注视检影镜上阅读卡片,快速中和影动,测量3次,计算平均值。要求测量时在放置中和镜片后迅速判断影动方向。测量时双眼同时注视视标,双眼分别测量、记录。
1.2.4 调节幅度的测量 测量前向患儿解释说明,使其能准确判断视标模糊。采用近视力表,遮盖对侧眼,令其注视最好视力上一行的单个视标,标尺“0”刻度置于眼镜平面;缓慢移近视标至出现持续模糊,记录标尺数值;测量3次,取平均值,双眼分别测量。
1.2.5 测定戴镜后视远和视近时的主导眼 首先示范主导眼检测方法,受试者手持一固定孔径(约2 cm×3 cm)的纸板,通过孔径观察远处或近处的视标,分别遮盖左、右眼,确认哪一眼能看到注视视标,看到注视视标的为主导眼,另一眼则为非主导眼。
1.3 统计学方法 采用SPSS 11.0软件进行统计学分析,组内主导眼和非主导眼的比较采用配对t检验,不同组别的比较采用独立样本t检验。
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