【摘要】目的:通过研究角膜相对较薄的高度近视患者LASIK术后的远期效果,进一步探讨LASIK术中保留角膜基质床厚度与术后疗效的关系,以及可能影响术后屈光回退的因素。方法:选2001-01/2002-10在我院行LASIK手术的高度近视相对薄角膜患者21例39眼,查术后3a的视力、眼压、屈光状态、角膜曲率及中央角膜厚度,并与术前及术后早期数据进行统计学比较分析。结果:术后3a无1例出现继发圆锥角膜改变,术后视力0.8以上 25眼,占64%,术后视力与术前最佳矫正视力间呈低度正相关。术后3a与早期视力无显著性差异,但屈光与角膜曲率有明显增加。术后3a屈光回退量≥1.00D 30眼,占77%,屈光回退量与术前屈光度呈负相关,与患者年龄、术后角膜曲率的改变和实际角膜厚度与预留角膜厚度的差值呈正相关。 结论:高度近视薄角膜患者LASIK术后的远期稳定性较低,可预测性较差,术后屈光回退可能与术前屈光、年龄、角膜厚度和曲率的改变有关。本组患者今后是否会继发圆锥角膜的改变仍需进一步观察研究。
【关键词】 高度近视 角膜基质床厚度 LASIK 屈光回退
A three-year follow-up study of high myopia with borderline corneal thickness after LASIK
Abstract AIM: To investigate the relationship of residuel corneal stromal bed thickness and the possible mechanism of regression after operation by evaluating laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia with thinner corneal thickness at 3 years after surgery. METHODS: From January 2001 to October 2002, 21 high myopia patients (39 eyes) with borderline corneal thickness were treated with LASIK. Visual acuity, keratometry readings and central corneal thickness were measured at 3 years after surgery. These data were compared with preoperative and early postoperative results. RESULTS: None of the 39 eyes displayed corneal ectasia 3 years after surgery. In 64% of eyes (25 of 39 eyes), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 0.8 or better was achieved. A weak positive correlation was found between preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative UCVA. No significant difference was found in UCVA measured during earlier post-LASIK follow-up versus the 3-year post-LASIK evaluation. Refraction and keratometry readings increased when compared to the latter post-LASIK follow-up data. After surgery 77% of eyes (30 of 39) regressed more than 1.00D 3 years. A negative correlation was found between the extent of regression and the preoperative refraction. Positive correlations were found among two sets of variables: extent of regression and age, actual changes of keratometry readings and the dispersion of the actual corneal thickness and the expected corneal thickness after surgery. CONCLUSION: The long-term outcomes of highly myopic patients with borderline corneal thickness after LASIK were less stable and predictable. The regression was probably related to the preoperative refraction, age, corneal thickness and keratometry readings. We need to further investigate these patients to determine whether there are secondary corneal ectasia in the future.
· KEYWORDS: high myopia; thickness of corneal stromal bed; LASIK; regression of refraction
0引言
随着准分子激光屈光手术的日趋成熟,越来越多的人了解并接受这类手术,尤其是准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK)。近些年更是在国内外广泛开展。多数文献报道LASIK术后角膜基质床厚度应保留在250μm以上较为安全[1,2],但John 等[3]在早期也提出角膜基质床厚度应保留在200μm以上。本文对21例39眼预留角膜基质床厚度小于250μm的高度近视患者进行回访研究,现报告如下。
1对象与方法
1.1对象 选2001-01/2002-10在我院进行LASIK手术的高度近视薄角膜患者21例39眼,这些患者在术中预留的角膜基质床厚度均小于250μm,其中男6例,女15例;年龄18~50(平均26.6)岁。术前视力0.02~0.25,平均0.1。术前最佳矫正视力0.3~1.2,平均0.98。术前球镜度数-7~-17.5D,平均-10.96D,术前柱镜度数0~-4.5D,平均-1.33D。
1.2方法 术前检查:视力、验光、裂隙灯、眼底、眼压,超声角膜测厚仪(DGH-1000)测角膜中央厚度及角膜地形图检查(Eyemap, EH-290, Alcon公司)。手术方法:采用美国VISX20/20B准分子激光联合SCMD自动微型角膜板层刀进行治疗,角膜瓣蒂部位于鼻侧,厚度设定为150μm,直径大小约为8.5mm,分区切削后中央角膜基质床的剩余厚度为200~250μm,手术过程顺利。术后常规滴用1g/L氟甲松龙(Fluorometholone, FML)眼液,开始每日4次,以后逐周递减,1mo后停药。术后随访:术后随诊时间为第1、7d;1、3、6mo及1a,常规复诊项目包括视力、非接触眼压、电脑验光及裂隙灯检查。本次回访研究的患者为术后30~51(平均40)mo,除常规复诊项目外,还进行了角膜中央厚度测定和OCULUS Pentacam(TYP 70700)检查。
统计学处理:用SPSS11.5对资料进行统计学处理,作相关性分析及t 检验。
2结果
2.1术后视力及屈光稳定状况 术后3a屈光回退≥1.00D 30眼,占77%。术后视力0.1~1.5,平均0.86。视力0.8以上25眼,占64%。我们将本次测得的数据做为患者的术后远期资料,与术后早期(1~3mo)的对数视力值、等效球镜及角膜曲率进行比较分析,可以看出患者术后早期和远期的视力没有显著性差异,但等效球镜及角膜曲率均存在显著性差异(表1)。本组患者术前最佳矫正视力0.3~1.2,其中有7人低于0.8,术后有4眼视力高于0.8,另外3眼的最佳矫正视力也提高到了0.8以上。术后3a视力≥术前最佳矫正视力19人,占49%,术后视力和术前最佳矫正视力呈低度正相关(r =0.339,P =0.039,P <0.05)。
2.2中央角膜厚度 术前角膜厚度514.46±17.47μm,术中预留角膜厚度379.51±14.03μm,若假定角膜瓣厚度均为150μm,则术中预留角膜基质床厚度为229.51±14.03μm。术后3a实际角膜厚度444.38±20.27μm。实际角膜厚度与预留角膜厚度的差值为64.87±20.15μm。从散点图分析可以看出,这一差值与术后3a屈光回退量间呈正相关 (r =-0.563,P <0.01,图1)
2.3影响术后屈光回退因素的相关性分析 屈光回退量(D)=|术后球镜+术后柱镜/2-术中预留球镜度数|,本组资料中术后3a屈光回退量≥1.00D共30眼,平均3.11±1.60D。将术后3a屈光回退量和术前等效球镜、实际角膜厚度与预留角膜厚度的差值、患者年龄及术后远期与早期角膜曲率的差值进行相关性分析得出:术后屈光回退量与术前屈光呈负相关,而与实际角膜厚度与预留角膜厚度的差值、患者年龄和术后远期与早期角膜曲率的差值呈正相关(表2)。
图 1 术后屈光回退和实际角膜厚度与预留角膜厚度差值和散点图
2.4 OCULUS Pentacam检查 OCULUS Pentacam能够整合角膜地形图和角膜测厚来描述全角膜的前后表面。通过检查证实本组患者在术后3a无1例发生继发圆锥角膜改变。
2.5非接触眼压 术前平均眼压15.92±2.97mmHg,术后3a平均眼压:11.54±2.05mmHg。
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