作者:刘小伟,李莹 作者单位:100730)中国北京市,中国医学科学院北京协和医院眼科
【摘要】 目的:对过敏性眼表疾病患者的临床诊治情况进行分析,以便进一步提高诊疗水平。
【关键词】 过敏性眼表疾病;结膜刮片;过敏原;嗜酸性粒细胞
Clinical features of allergic ocular disease XiaoWei Liu, Ying Li Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, ChinaAbstract
AIM: To discuss the clinical features of allergic ocular disease (AOD) in patients at outpatient department, so as to improve the treatment level. METHODS: A rospective study was carried out in the department of Ophthalmology at Peking Union Medical Hospital. Routine ophthalmic examinations including slitlamp biomicroscope, direct ophthalmoscope, conjunctiva scraping, and allergen test were proceeded in 104 AOD patients, including 43 males (41.3%) and 61 females (58.7%).
RESULTS: Fourteen patients (13.5%) have family history of allergic disease. Conjunctiva scraping outcomes showed that most of the vernal keratoconjunctivits (VKC) patients and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) patients had high positive rate of eosinophils, 100% and 74.4% respectively. Allergen test was carried out in 64 patients and only 31(48.4%) of them showed positive outcomes. The dust and dust mite were the most common allergens. 61 of 104 patients had treatment history and 56(91.8%) of them had been prescribed antibiotic eye drops. The consistency of our diagnosis and former ones were compared. The type of VKC and SAC had a high consistency 100% and 86.5% respectively, but that of the perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) was very low(46.3%).
CONCLUSION: The diversity of AOD symptoms makes the diagnosis somewhat difficult, especially in PAC patients. Conjunctiva scraping is an effective method to confirm the diagnosis. And the abuse of antibiotic is common in AOD patients.
KEYWORDS: allergic ocular disease; conjunctival scraping; allergen; eosinophils
方法:过敏性眼表疾病患者104例在我院门诊接受了病史收集,全面的眼部检查,结膜刮片检查,部分患者接受了过敏原筛选试验。其中男43例(41.3%),女61例(58.7%)。
结果:患者14例(13.5%)具有明确的家族史;64例患者接受了过敏原筛查,其中阳性发现31例(48.4%),室内尘土和尘螨过敏的比率(51%)较高;结膜刮片示:季节性过敏性结膜炎嗜酸性粒细胞的阳性率为74.4%,春季卡他性结膜炎为100%,而常年性过敏性结膜炎仅为44.1%;61例非首次就诊的患者中56例(91.8%)病程中有使用局部抗生素病史;非首次发病患者春季性结膜炎和季节性过敏性结膜炎的既往诊断与本次诊断符合率较高分别为100%和86.5%,但是常年性过敏性结膜炎仅为46.3%。
结论:过敏性眼表疾病的临床表现差异较大,尤其是常年性过敏性结膜炎,常常与慢性结膜炎等疾病相混淆,诊断和治疗较为困难;结膜刮片是帮助确诊的有效手段;过敏性眼表疾病患者抗生素滥用情况严重。
0引言
过敏性眼表疾病(allergic ocular diseases,AOD)是一种常见的眼科疾病,人群患病率约20%[1];临床上常将其分为季节性过敏性结膜炎(seasonal allergic conjunctivitis,SAC)、常年性过敏性结膜炎(perennial allergic conjunctivitis,PAC)、春季性角结膜炎(vernal keratoconjunctivitis,VKC)、特应性角结膜炎(atopic keratoconjunctivitis,AKC)和巨乳头性结膜炎(giant papillary conjunctivitis,GPC)几类[24]。虽然多数过敏性眼表疾病不会发生严重的并发症,且临床上多数患者可正确地得到诊断和治疗,但是仍有部分患者未能及时准确诊治,长期使用抗生素和其他非针对性药物,并产生了药物的毒副反应,延误病情,甚至造成不可逆的视力损伤。因此,我们对来我院门诊就诊的患者进行既往病史的收集和相关的检查,并对治疗效果进行追踪观察,以明确目前过敏性眼表疾病患者的诊治现状,进一步提高诊疗水平。 1对象和方法 1.1对象 200706/200806期间在我院就诊的过敏性眼表疾病患者,共有104例患者入选,其中男43例(41.3%),女61例(58.7%),就诊年龄3~80岁,中位数M=31.5岁,发病年龄3~80岁,中位数M=29.0岁,病程1d~30a,中位数M=52wk;汉族94.3%,其他民族包括回族、蒙古族满族等。居住地主要以北京地区为主,其他地区包括安徽、河北、河南、山东、陕西、山西等23个省市地区;患者的职业包括学生和退休人员等各行各业的人。首次发病就诊的患者43例,有我院或外院就诊历史的非首次就诊患者61例。
图1 大量嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜酸性颗粒(×1000)(略)
图2 大量细胞中可见2个嗜酸性粒细胞(箭头所示×400)(略)
图3 酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液药物过敏(略)
图4 图3患者结膜刮片,可见嗜酸性粒细胞(箭头所示×1000)(略)
1.2方法 采用系列病例研究,对上述患者进行病史收集包括患者症状、家庭环境、居住条件、家族史、既往病史、诊断和用药、疗效等病史,并进行全面地眼部检查,结膜刮片、吉姆萨染色检查,部分患者在北京协和医院变态反应科接受了过敏原筛选试验,尚有部分患者接受了结膜囊细菌培养检查。 统计学分析:所有数据经SPSS 11.0软件分析,主要采用描述性分析和Pearson卡方检验方法,以P<0.05表示统计学有显著性差异。
2结果
2.1症状和体征 患者的首要主诉症状为眼痒、眼红、异物感、分泌物增多、眼干、流泪、眼睑水肿等症状,其中以眼痒症状最为常见(80%),其次是眼红(69%)。而患者体征则主要以结膜乳头增生最为常见69.2%,其次为结膜充血48.1%,其余体征包括结膜水肿、结膜滤泡、角膜点染、眼睑水肿等,尚有6例患者眼部检查无任何体征。其中14(13.5%)具有明确的过敏性眼表疾病家族史,其余患者均无家族史;28例患者(26.9%)除眼部过敏症状外,还存在过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、过敏性皮炎等全身过敏症状。其中以过敏性鼻炎最为常见17例(16.3%),过敏性皮炎10例,过敏性哮喘等多系统受累的患者1例。
[1] [2] 下一页 |