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5小结
糖尿病是临床上最常见的病理性高血糖症,重症患者常伴有脂类、蛋白质代谢紊乱和水、电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱,甚至出现一系列并发症,重者可致死亡。有资料表明[30]，大多数糖尿病患者仍是通过频繁地检测血糖浓度来精确、及时调整口服降糖药物或胰岛素的用量,以控制血糖浓度,达到预防糖尿病并发症的目的，但是这不仅给患者带来痛苦并增加交叉感染的危险,而且频繁测量产生大量的消耗品形成浪费，泪糖作为一种无创的检测手段具有良好的应用前景。
目前大量研究已表明，泪糖与血糖间有良好的相关性，随着检测手段的发展和研究的不断深入，将来的泪糖的研究应尽量采用非刺激的收集方法及精确度和灵敏度均较高的检测手段，以更准确的了解不同状态下泪糖浓度的变化。将来可以从以下几个方面重点研究：(1)泪液中葡萄糖的产生和运输机制：包括从结膜和泪腺的免疫化学、细胞信号机制等方面研究以了解葡萄糖在这些组织中的运输，从而对分析糖尿病患者泪糖浓度增高的原因、泪糖浓度的不同是生物学因素还是采集方法的不同所造成起到帮助；(2)泪糖与血糖关系的进一步探讨：包括泪糖浓度的上限和下限及其与血糖浓度的对应关系，个体血糖与泪糖相关性的深入研究，左眼与右眼泪糖浓度的关系，为检测设备的开发提供理论依据；(3)用于反映泪糖变化的角膜接触镜的研究：目前多采取非刺激方法收集标本用于实验研究，但是这过程中仍然会刺激结膜，收集到刺激性泪液，所以实验结果并非完全反映基础分泌泪液的葡萄糖浓度，而用于临床的角膜接触镜则反映的是基础分泌泪液的葡萄糖浓度，所以仍需要大量的动物实验和临床研究以了解这种角膜接触镜所测泪糖与血糖的相关性及其临床可行性,使精确实时地了解血糖控制情况、减轻糖尿病患者痛苦成为可能。
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