【摘要】 目的:探讨青光眼滤过术中羊膜、丝裂霉素(mitomycin C,MMC)和透明质酸(Healon)抗增殖作用。方法:健康同种系新西兰大白兔15只30眼随机选5只为1组,共3组:羊膜组、MMC组和Healon组。均行小梁切除术,在作巩膜瓣后,羊膜组在巩膜瓣下放置保存羊膜;MMC组在巩膜瓣下放置0.25g/L的MMC海绵片4min;Healon组在巩膜瓣下放置透明质酸钠。术后观察滤过泡、角膜和眼底情况。结果:术后28d取滤过泡周围组织作病理检查,羊膜组、MMC组多数形成功能性滤过泡,但羊膜组无任何并发症,病理未见结缔组织胶原化。结论:羊膜在青光眼滤过术中抗增殖作用较MMC,Healon效果好,无副作用,是一种安全有效的抗增殖方法,值得推广。
【关键词】 羊膜;丝裂霉素;透明质酸钠;青光眼;小梁切除术
Comparison of antiproliferative effect of amniotic membrane, mitomycin C and sodium hyaluronate in glaucoma filtering surgeryJinYing LiEye Center, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, Heilongjiang Province,ChinaAbstractAIM: To investigate the antiproliferate effect of amniotic membrane, mitomycin C(MMC) and sodium hyaluronate(Healon) in glaucoma filtering surgery.METHODS: A total of 15 New Zealand white rabbits(30 eyes) underwent trabeculectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups: amniotic membrane group, MMC group and Healon group. All underwent trabeculectomy. After making the scleral flap, the amniotic membrane was placed under the sclera flap to preserve it in the amniotic membrane group. MMC group was placed 0.25g/L MMC 4 minutes under the scleral flap; Healon group was placed sodium hyaluronate under the scleral flap. Postoperative filtering bleb, corneal and the fundus were observed.RESULTS: At the 28th day, tissues around bleb were taken for pathological examination. The majority of the amniotic membrane group and MMC group formed functional filtering bleb, but the amniotic membrane group had no complications and no pathology of connective tissue collagen. CONCLUSION: The antiproliferative effect of amniotic membrane in glaucoma filtering surgery seems to be better than that of MMC and Healon group, and there is no side effects, so it seems to be a safe and effective antiproliferation method, and worth promoting.
KEYWORDS: amniotic membrane; mitomycin C; sodium hyaluronate;glaucoma; trabeculectomy
Li JY. Comparison of antiproliferative effect of amniotic membrane, mitomycin C and sodium hyaluronate in glaucoma filtering surgery. 0引言
在全世界范围内估计有青光眼患者6700万,相信本世纪前50a,青光眼患病率仍有增长的趋势。青光眼滤过性手术是治疗青光眼的重要手段,而术后功能性滤过泡的维持是手术成功的关键。我们对羊膜、丝裂霉素(mitomycin C,MMC)和透明质酸钠(Healon)在青光眼滤过性手术抗瘢痕化的作用进行比较研究如下。
1材料和方法
1.1材料
健康成年同种系新西兰大耳白兔15只,由黑龙江省牡丹江医学院实验动物中心提供,体质量2~3kg,雌雄不限,无眼部疾病,常规喂养。随机选5只为1组,共3组:羊膜组,MMC组和Healon组。250g/L乌拉坦按4mL/kg耳静脉注射,10g/L地卡因结膜表面麻醉2次,并用2.5g/L的氯霉素冲洗结膜囊。
1.2方法
双眼行常规小梁切除术,术后每日点氯霉素加地塞米松眼药水。羊膜组制作巩膜瓣后,在巩膜瓣下放置上皮层朝外对折成4mm×5mm大小的保存羊膜,其他同常规小梁切除术。羊膜取自健康孕妇胎盘,产前母体要行血清学检查,排除含有HIV,HBV,HCV及梅毒,剖宫产术无菌操作下获取胎盘,取下胎膜无菌生理盐水冲洗净表面血迹,通过羊膜与绒毛膜剩余部分两层组织之间的潜在腔隙进行钝性分离获取羊膜。将羊膜用40MU/L庆大霉素冲洗后,放入900mL/L甘油瓶中脱水24h后转移至另一甘油瓶内,密封放入4℃冰箱保存。使用时用生理盐水冲去甘油,泡入4MU/L庆大霉素BSS液中,复水30min后使用。MMC组制作巩膜瓣后,在巩膜瓣下放置浸有0.25g/L的MMC(上海新亚药业有限公司生产)的海绵片4min,去除海绵片,即刻用50mL生理盐水冲洗术野和结膜囊,然后完成手术全过程。Healon组制作巩膜瓣后,在巩膜瓣下放置Healon,然后缝合巩膜瓣,完成手术全过程。术后观察滤过泡弥散程度、泡壁厚度、颜色、高度及血管充盈程度和新生血管长入情况。并根据Krofeld分型法分为:Ⅰ型(微小囊泡型)、Ⅱ型(扁平弥散型)、Ⅲ型(瘢痕型)和Ⅳ(包裹型)。Ⅰ,Ⅱ型为功能性滤过泡;Ⅲ,Ⅳ型无功能滤过泡。于术后3mo,用耳前静脉空气栓塞法处死全部兔子,取滤过泡区巩膜组织4mm×2mm,置于100g/L甲醛固定,逐渐用乙醇脱水,石蜡包埋,二甲苯透明,常规HE染色,树脂封片,光镜(olymdus显微镜)观察。
2结果
2.1术后滤过泡情况
术后不同时间羊膜组、MMC组和Healon组滤过泡情况见表1,羊膜组术后1d,可见结膜轻度充血,滤过泡隆起,色白,面积约4~5mm2,边界清楚,滤过泡壁厚。术后7d,结膜无充血,滤过泡隆起。第10d时,滤过泡面积5~6mm2,边界清。14d时滤过泡面积略减小。28d见滤过泡面积4~5mm2,滤过泡呈扁平状,1眼呈多囊状,但颜色仍发白,壁厚,无新生血管长入。MMC组术后1d,局部结膜苍白,滤过泡隆起,面积约4~5mm2,滤过泡壁薄,10d以内滤过泡面积逐渐增大,随着时间的延长,滤过泡面积逐渐缩小,部分滤过泡变扁平。Healon组术后1d,局部轻度充血,滤过泡隆起3~4mm2,滤过泡壁厚,5d以内滤过泡逐渐增大,以后滤过泡面积逐渐变小。28d大部分滤过泡变扁平,呈多血管外观。表1术后不同时间羊膜组、MMC组、Healon组滤过泡情况眼(略)
2.2病理性改变
病理羊膜组表现为鳞状上皮轻度增生,上皮下慢性炎性浸润,未见结缔组织胶原化。MMC组有轻度瘢痕形成,纤维组织增生,结缔组织胶原化。Healon组有瘢痕形成,纤维组织增生,明显结缔组织胶原化。
2.3并发症
MMC组1例浅前房,1例有滤过泡漏,3例角膜上皮剥脱。
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