【摘要】 目的:探讨硅油填充原因及硅油填充时间与相关并发症的关系。方法:回顾分析总结66例70只硅油填充眼的临床资料及随访记录。结果:硅油填充的主要原因为常规孔源性视网膜脱离反复多次手术操作,其次是黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离,再次为增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变。硅油平均填充时间10.5mo,硅油乳化发生率28.6%,高眼压发生率15.7%,角膜变性发生率2.9%,严重白内障的发生率46%。硅油取出后主要并发症是视网膜脱离复发。结论:在定期随访的情况下,可适当延长硅油在眼内的存留时间。取硅油时,保持玻璃体腔持续灌注,并根据视网膜情况行视网膜激光、眼内气体充填或再次行硅油填充等处理,可以减少硅油取出术后并发症的发生。
【关键词】 硅油;眼内填充;并发症;取出时机
Clinical analysis of 66 cases with silicone oil temponadeYu Zhou, Zhu Yuan, YiZhuan ZhangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, Hubei Province, ChinaAbstractAIM: To investigate the relationship between duration silicone oil temponade and complication and the cause of silicone oil temponade.METHODS: Retrospective survey was done in 66 cases (70 eyes) of silicone oil temponade.RESULTS: The primary cause of silicone oil temponade was regular hole retinal detachment, the second was retinal detachment with macula hole,the third was proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The average time of silicone oil temponade was 10.5 months, the incident rate of silicone oil emulsification was 28.6%, the incident rate of ocular hypertension was 15.7%,corneal degeneration was 2.9%,severely cataract was 46%. The main complication of silicone oil removal was recurrence retinal detachment.CONCLUSION: In the followup on a regular basis, we can appropriately extent the remaining time of intraocular silicone oil. When silicone oil is removed, to maintain the vitreous cavity infusion, and according to the retinal situation to choose retinal laser, intraocular gas filling or silicone oil tamponade can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.
KEYWORDS: silicone oil; intraocular temponade; complications; timing of silicone oil removal
0引言
随着复杂玻璃体视网膜手术的开展,硅油的填充与取出已成为常见的手术方式,硅油填充与取出后的并发症与取出时间仍然是眼科医生关注的问题。现将我院200407/200907收治的66例70只硅油填充眼的病历资料分析总结如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
收集我院200407/200907 70只硅油填充眼。男40例42眼,女26例28眼,年龄13~75(平均48.7)岁。入院后常规视力检查,Goldmma眼压计测定眼压,裂隙灯检查了解眼前段改变,扩瞳行三面镜及前置镜检查了解视网膜复位情况,必要时行眼部B超检查。
1.2方法
硅油取出手术方式:取硅油时均做颞上、颞下睫状体平部巩膜穿刺孔,玻璃体腔内灌注+18号套管针负压吸引。须做眼内进一步操作时再做鼻上睫状体平部巩膜穿刺孔。并发白内障患者先行Phaco+IOL,再按上述方法取硅油。前房有乳化硅油者,作前房穿刺冲洗。手术后随访3~8(平均6.8)mo,末次随访时进行视力、眼压、裂隙灯、前置镜扩瞳详查视网膜复位情况。
2结果
2.1硅油填充原因
常规孔源性视网膜脱离两次以上视网膜复位术29眼(41%),黄斑裂孔伴后巩膜葡萄肿者15眼(21%),玻璃体积血致牵拉性视网膜脱离14眼(20%),其中增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变11眼(16%),老年性黄斑变性2眼,静脉周围炎1眼。外伤性视网膜脱离6眼(9%),巨大裂孔性视网膜脱离3眼(4%),色素膜炎致牵拉性视网膜脱离2眼(3%),视网膜坏死综合征1眼(1%)。
2.2硅油填充并发症与填充时间的关系
本组病例硅油填充时间2~18(平均10.5)mo,高眼压11眼,其中5眼伴有硅油乳化,高眼压值在21.2~53(平均34.1)mmHg。硅油乳化20眼,其中前房可见硅油滴18眼,视网膜面2眼。角膜变性2眼。白内障:入院前已行白内障手术者20眼,其余患者晶状体不同程度混浊加重,23眼在取硅油时一并行白内障手术。视网膜局限性脱离13眼(19%),其中4眼发现有视网膜裂孔(表1)。表1 硅油填充时间与并发症的关系眼(略)
2.3硅油取出原因和取出时间
硅油填充后视网膜复位稳定无任何并发症和硅油填充后出现药物不能控制的并发症均为取硅油的时机。硅油填充<6mo取出者12眼(17%),其中硅油乳化3眼,局限性视网膜隆起及新裂孔4眼,高眼压1眼,并发白内障2眼。6~10mo取出者33眼(47%),硅油乳化10眼,局限性视网膜隆起及新裂孔4眼,高眼压5眼,并发白内障14眼。>10mo取出者25眼(35%),硅油乳化7眼,高眼压5眼,局限性视网膜隆起及新裂孔5眼,白内障7眼,角膜变性2眼。
2.4硅油取出术中处理方式
单纯行硅油取出术20眼,联合膜剥离或光凝14眼,联合C3F8气体注入9眼,再次硅油填充5眼,23眼并发白内障患者先行Phaco+IOL,再按上述方法取硅油。
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