【摘要】 目的:探讨泪道置环形硅胶管联合丝裂霉素C治疗上泪道阻塞的疗效。方法:选择在门诊治疗的上泪道阻塞89例116眼:泪点阻塞14眼、泪小管阻塞38眼、泪总管阻塞64眼。随机分成两组,对照组(A组)44例58眼:泪点阻塞6眼、泪小管阻塞20眼、泪总管阻塞32眼,观察组(B组)45例58眼:泪点阻塞8眼、泪小管阻塞18眼、泪总管阻塞32眼。材料选用硅胶泪小管,自编扩泪小管绳。在上下泪小管—鼻泪管置环形硅胶管,3~6mo拔管,若合并有鼻泪管阻塞,拨环形硅胶管后立即行鼻泪管逆植球头硅胶管术。B组与A组不同的是,将浸有0.25mg/mL丝裂霉素C的扩泪小管绳在上泪道留置3~5min,拨环形硅胶管后定期冲洗泪道。平均随访2a。 结果:A组治愈率为72.4%,B组治愈率为93.1%,两组治愈率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。论:上泪道置环行硅胶管联合丝裂霉素C能提高手术的成功率,是治疗上泪道阻塞的较理想方法。
【关键词】 上泪道阻塞;硅胶泪小管;丝裂霉素C
Ring silicone tube implantation combined with mitomycin C for the treatment of upper lacrimal duct obstructionLiangChang Li, Li Ouyang, DuJun Li, Qing HuangDepartment of Ophthalmology,Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Meicine,Wuhan 430061,Hubei Province,ChinaAbstractAIM:To study the effect of ring silicone tube implantation combined with mitomycin C for the treatment of upper lacrimal duct obstruction.
METHODS: Eightynine cases (116 eyes) with upper lacrimal duct obstruction underwent the procedure of intubation in outpatient clinic: tears points obstruction(14 eyes), lacrimal duct obstruction (38 eyes), tears explorer obstruction (64 eyes). The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of 44 cases(58 eyes): tears points obstruction(6 eyes), lacrimal duct obstruction(20 eyes), nasolacrimal duct obstruction(32 eyes). Group B consisted of 45 cases(58 eyes): tears points obstruction(8 eyes), lacrimal duct obstruction(18 eyes), nasolacrimal duct obstruction (32 eyes). The materials were silicone tube, duct expansion wire which was made by myself. Twocanalicularnasolacrimal duct were installed ring silicone tube. The time of extubation was after 36 months. If the patients were also with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, inverse ball silicone tube implantation in nasolacrimal canal should be performed immediately after the extubation of the ring silicone tube. What group B distinguished from group A was indwelling duct expansion wire which is immersed in 0.25mg/mL mitomycin C for 35 minutes; lacrimal duct was washed regularly after extubation of ring silicone tube, and the patients were followed up for 2 years.RESULTS: The cure rate of group A was 72.4%, the cure rate of group B was 93.1%. There were significant differences in recovery rate between the two groups(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The method of installing ring silicone tube under mitomycin C can improve the success rate of surgery and can be a better way to cure upper lacrimal duct obstruction.
KEYWORDS: upper lacrimal duct obstruction; silicone tube; mitomycin C 0引言
泪道阻塞是一类常见眼病,包括上泪道阻塞(泪点阻塞、泪小管阻塞及泪总管阻塞)及下泪道阻塞(鼻泪管阻塞、慢性泪囊炎)。我们从200104/200608应用环形硅胶管联合丝裂霉素C治疗上泪道阻塞45例58眼,并对其疗效进行观察,临床效果满意,现报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
选取200104/200608在门诊治疗的上泪道阻塞89例116眼:泪点阻塞14眼,泪小管阻塞38眼,泪总管阻塞64眼,其中泪小 (总)管阻塞合并鼻泪管阻塞48眼。随机分成两组,对照组(A组)44例58眼,其中男8例10眼,女36例48眼,年龄19~74(平均43.6)岁,病程4mo~36a,平均52mo。A组:泪点阻塞6眼,泪小管阻塞20眼,泪总管阻塞32眼,其中泪小(总)管阻塞合并鼻泪管阻塞23眼;观察组(B组)45例58眼,其中男9例11眼,女36例47眼,年龄20~73(平均42.9)岁,病程3mo~28a,平均53mo。B组:泪点阻塞8眼,泪小管阻塞8眼,泪总管阻塞32眼,其中泪小(总)管阻塞合并鼻泪管阻塞25眼。既往手术治疗史:接受本方法治疗前曾行其他方法治疗未治愈者,A组有12眼曾行泪道探通加注入眼膏,7眼曾行YAG激光泪道成形术。B组有14眼曾行泪道探通加注入眼膏,8眼曾行YAG激光泪道成形术。所有病例排除鼻腔畸形或外伤造成骨性阻塞及占位性病变等疾患。器械设备:引线硅胶泪小管和球头硅胶管及其配套的环状取线钩、7号腰穿泪鼻道送线针(均由广州市博视医疗保健研究所提供),自编扩泪小管绳(3根4号丝线绕成)和扩鼻泪管绳(8根4号丝线绕成),特制7号或8号泪道探针兼冲洗针头(头端封闭而侧壁开有小孔),常规泪点扩张器及眼科无齿镊、剪刀等。
1.2方法
术前准备:用蘸有呋嘛滴鼻剂和倍诺喜数滴的棉棒插入下鼻道以收缩下鼻甲及麻醉鼻腔黏膜;术眼点倍诺喜2~3次。手术步骤:对照组:患者仰卧位,常规消毒,20g/L利多卡因行滑车下及眶下神经阻滞麻醉;扩张上下泪点,分别用7号或8号特制探针自上、下泪点行泪道探通,并采用旋转进针手法;再经上、下泪小管用送线针按其介绍方法各送一根泪鼻道引线,并用扩泪小管绳扩张上、下泪小管;引线牵拉硅胶小管自下鼻道入,从下泪点出,再自上泪点入,从下鼻道出,两端用橡皮条结扎固定后放入鼻腔。观察组与对照组不同的是:将浸有0.25g/L丝裂霉素C的扩泪小管绳在上泪道留置3~5min。术后处理:酌情全身用抗生素3~5d,抗生素眼液滴眼1~3mo,3~6mo拔管,拔管后定期冲洗泪道1~2mo,泪道注入复方妥布霉素眼膏3~5次,拔管后若合并有明显的鼻泪管阻塞,立即按其介绍方法行鼻泪管逆植球头硅胶管术,球头硅胶管一般不拔,定期冲洗泪道。疗效判定标准:治愈:无溢泪症状,泪道冲洗通畅;好转:溢泪症状改善,泪道冲洗通畅或部分通畅;无效:溢泪症状无改善,泪道冲洗不通。
统计学分析:采用SPSS 10.0软件对A,B两组的治疗效果应用χ2检验,评价两组治疗效果的差异。以P<0.05作为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1治疗效果
两组均定期随访0.5~4(平均2)a,A组治愈42眼,好转7眼,无效9眼,治愈率72.4%。B组治愈54眼,好转2眼,无效2眼,治愈率93.1%。两组治愈率经统计分析,有非常显著性差异(χ2=8.70,P<0.01)。
2.2并发症
两组病例中,有12眼出现泪点撕裂,但对其导泪功能无明显影响。5眼出现假道,且均为曾行YAG激光泪道成形术患者,术中避开假道,仍然将硅胶管插入正常泪道。有13眼表现为眦部奇痒,局部点复方妥布霉素眼药,严重者口服强的松,症状均能缓解。5眼鼻腔固定橡皮条滑脱,内眦部硅胶管脱出眼睑外,重新还纳硅胶管,牵拉鼻腔硅胶管重新结扎,必要时用胶布固定在鼻腔外。
3讨论
上泪道包括泪点、泪小管和泪总管,其结构细小狭长,正常情况下,泪点和泪小管内层为表层上皮所衬覆[1],为光滑的黏膜组织,不会发生粘连,上皮下面富有弹力组织,因此可用探针将泪小管扩大2~3倍。异常情况下常因慢性炎症、外伤、药物毒性等[2]引起管腔狭窄,黏膜充血、增生、发生粘连引起阻塞。传统的探通只能起临时的机械性扩张作用,取出探针后往往因组织的张力作用又自然合拢,使管腔再次狭窄和阻塞,起不到治疗效果;探通加注入眼膏对较轻的阻塞如膜性或点状有一定效果,泪道激光成形术报道对上泪道阻塞[3]有较理想的效果,但存在不足,易损伤正常组织和形成假道,对节段性阻塞效果较差;手术治疗能切除泪道的阻塞段或重建通道,但因泪小管纤细,手术操作复杂,组织损伤大,术后颜面部又残留永久性瘢痕,使患者难以接受,故临床上已很少开展。泪道探通后即置环形硅胶管,能隔离创面,防止因炎症或机械损伤的泪道组织形成瘢痕或粘连,为泪道上皮的修复提供时间及空间。但临床上我们发现仍有不少患者,譬如瘢痕体质型或节段性阻塞,拔管后因瘢痕组织增生,再次发生粘连阻塞。丝裂霉素C由头状链霉素,在组织中被激活成为一种烷化物,选择性的抑制细胞DNA,RNA和蛋白质合成,从而阻止细胞分化和复制[4],它是抑制成纤维细胞增生的强力抑制剂。组织瘢痕形成主要是成纤维细胞增生和胶原等细胞外基质生物合成所致,丝裂霉素C可以有效的防止泪道瘢痕增生和肉芽形成,更利于泪道上皮的修复,提高手术成功率,因此环形硅胶管联合丝裂霉素C是治疗上泪道阻塞的较理想方法。
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