【摘要】 目的:观察非球面切削准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(ALASIK)、波前像差引导的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(WLASIK)及标准准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(SLASIK)术后患者的临床疗效,对比分析ALASIK、WLASIK和SLASIK在低、中、高度屈光范围的安全性和有效性,为临床对不同屈光度近视患者提高术后视觉质量选择个体化的、合适的手术术式提供理论依据。方法:选取拟做准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术的近视眼患者136例268眼,按屈光度分为低度(<3.00D),中度(3.00~6.00D) 和高度(6.00>~<9.00D) 3组,每组柱镜度数均<2.00D,各组再随机分成3组,一组行ALASIK,一组行WLASIK,另外一组行SLASIK,手术切削区直径为6.0~7.0mm;检测指标包括术后视觉满意度调查、裸眼视力、Orbscan眼前节分析系统测量角膜非球面系数(Q值)及波前像差(6mm瞳孔直径)分析;随访时段为术前、术后1mo、术后3mo及术后6mo;观察分析各组手术前后各检测指标的变化及相关性。结果:术后6mo时,术后视觉满意度调查,ALASIK组和WLASIK组优于SLASIK组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在中度组,WLASIK组视力明显好于ALASIK组和SLASIK组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ALASIK组角膜非球面形态保持更好Q值差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.01),WLASIK组角膜彗差和RMS值较ALASIK组和SLASIK组明显下降,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),ALASIK组角膜球差较WLASIK组和SLASIK组明显下降,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:ALASIK、WLASIK和SLASIK均能有效地矫正近视和散光,手术效果安全、稳定。ALASIK和WLASIK术后的夜间视觉质量更好。ALASIK适合于低、中、高度近视患者,尤其能有效维持中度近视患者的角膜非球面性,减少中、高度,尤其是中度近视患者近视患者术后球差的增加。WLASIK能显著提高中度近视患者的术后视力,减少中、高度近视患者,尤其是中度近视患者术后角膜彗差和总高阶像差RMS值的增加。屈光不正患者选择ALASIK或WLASIK有助于提高术后视觉质量。
【关键词】 准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术;波前像差;非球面
Comparative analysis of postoperative effect between ALASIK, WLASIK and SLASIK
YueKun Shu, BoLin Xie, Ming Lei
Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Kunming 650032,Yunnan Provnice,China
AbstractAIM: To observe the changes of early retrospective clinical study between aspherical oblation excimer laser in situ keratomileusis(ALASIK), the wavefrontguided laser in situ keratomileusis(WLASIK) and the standard laser in situ keratomileusis(SLASIK) for treatment of myopia and provide the directions to selecte individuation surgery for the different diopters of spherical refractive,and to compare and analyze the safety and efficiency of ALASIK,WLASIKand WLASIK for treatment of myopia.METHODS: Two hundreds and sixtyeight eyes of 136 cases myopia were enrolled and presented into three groups according to their diopters of spherical refractive error(low:<3.00D;middle:3.00><6.00D;high:6.00><9.00D).The cases in each group were subdivided into three groups again according to their surgery method: ALASIK,WLASIK and SLASIK.Topography which visual acuity,diopter,offer Q value,high order aberration refraction,also postoperative glare were noted.The ablation zone was from 6.0 to 7.0mm.Wavefront aberrations were analyzed for 6.0mm pupil zone.Refraction were observed before and 1,3 and 6 months after surgery. To compare and analyze the changes and relationships of index.RESULTS: At the 6 months after surgery, ALASIK group and WLASIK showed the better acception than SLASIK group, difference was statistical significant(P<0.05). In middle group, the visual acuity of WLASIK was better than the others,and the difference was statisticaly significant (P<0.05).In midlle group,the asphericity of ALASIK group was the more decreased obviously than WLASIK group and SLASIK group,the coma was increased in WLASIK and spherical aberration was decreased obviously in ALASIK,and the difference was statisticaly significant(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: ALASIK, WLASIK and SLASIK are effective on correcting myopia and astigmatism safely and effectivly. ALASIK and WLASIK show the better acuity at night.ALASIK can degrade the spherical aberration after surgery in low group and high group,especially in middle group. WLASIK can elevate the acuity of vision postoperativly in middle group and decrease RMS of anterior corneal coma in middle group and high group markedly. It is a good choice to raise acuity by ALASIK and WLASIK.
KEYWORDS: laser in situ keratomileusis; wavefront aberration; aspheric
0引言
准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术因其安全性高、疗效良好,被广泛的屈光不正患者所接受。但手术在矫正离焦、散光等低阶像差,改善视力的同时,也引起了夜间眩光、重影、暗视力及对比敏感度下降等一系列问题[1]。根据患者的个体化差异或需求,进行有针对性的手术设计,进而实施手术,这种个体化手术的理念被越来越多的患者和医生所推崇。它所带来的优势有:减少术后高阶像差的增加量从而明显改善夜间视力,散光矫正更好,眩光和光晕发生率降低,显著提高术后裸眼和矫正视力、提高视觉对比敏感度[2],最大可能的提高视觉质量。
本试验通过观察非球面切削准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(aspheric ablation excimer laser in situ keratomileusis,ALASIK)、波前像差引导的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(the wavefrontguided laser in situ keratomileusis,WLASIK)及标准准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(standard laser in situ
keratomileusis,SLASIK)术后患者的临床疗效,对比分析ALASIK、WLASIK和SLASIK在低、中、高度屈光范围的安全性和有效性,为临床对不同屈光度近视患者提高术后视觉质量选择合适的手术方式提供理论依据。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
选取200803/200806于我院行激光矫正近视手术,并能坚持随访的患者136例268眼。其中男64例124眼,女72例144眼。年龄18~46岁。屈光度范围:球镜<9.00D,柱镜<2.00D。按球镜屈光度,分为低度(<3.00D)、中度(3.00~6.00D)和高度(6.00>~<9.00D) 3组,各组再根据手术方式的不同随机分ALASIK组、WLASIK组和SLASIK组。患者的屈光度数均稳定达2a。排除全身禁忌证。配戴软性角膜接触镜者,术前摘镜2wk以上。所有样本临床情况(表1),经独立样本检验差异均无统计学意义,各组患者的一般情况相似,具有可比性。
1.2方法
由同一医师进行各项术前常规检查,包括:裂隙灯显微镜、直接检眼镜、三面镜、非接触眼压计、角膜地形图、角膜A超测厚检查,排除眼部手术禁忌证。电脑验光、插片验光结合散瞳检影确定近视度数。用美国Bausch&Lamb OrbscanⅡ眼前节分析系统进行角膜地形图检查,每眼测量2次,取其平均值,由附带计算软件得出角膜非球面系数Q值和角膜前表面曲率K值,用于ALASIK。用美国Bausch&Lamb Zywave波前像差分析仪进行角膜波前像差检查(相同检查环境),分别采集自然光线和暗光环境瞳孔的波前像差数据,输出为ATE文件,得出彗差、球差和总高阶像差RMS值;OrbscanⅡ角膜地形图检查每眼重复2次后取平均值,输出为OTE文件,将两个文件整合和设计,输出数据文件TLS用于WLASIK。手术由同一有经验医师使用美国Bausch&Lamb Technolas217Z100型准分子激光治疗仪操作完成,分别进入Planoscan, Zyoptix aspheric, Zyoptix personalized模式,常规消毒、麻醉,规范完成手术过程操作(WLASIK组在激光切削过程中同时启用虹膜识别定位主动跟踪系统)。术后常规使用激素、抗生素和人工泪液眼药。同一检查环境下于术后1,3,6mo复查裸眼视力、角膜地形图和波前像差检查,得到Q值及彗差、球差和总高阶像差RMS值。
统计学分析:所统计数据用SPSS 11.5软件包进行统计学处理,手术前后各项检测指标以均数±标准差表示,手术前后计量资料应用配对t检验进行比较,各组间计量资料采用方差分析、q检验。
2结果
2.1术后视觉满意度
术后视觉满意度调查旨在了解患者术后夜间光晕或眩光状况。结果ALASIK组主诉术后夜间光晕4例,眩光2例;WLASIK组光晕2例,眩光2例;SLASIK组光晕5例,眩光9例。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ALASIK组和WLASIK组显示出术后夜间更少的光晕、眩光主诉,术后视觉满意度更高(图1)。表1术前ALASIK组、WLASIK组和SLASIK组临床资料(略)
2.2术后裸眼视力
ALASIK组、WLASIK组和SLASIK组术后裸眼视力变化见表2。术后1,3,6mo,ALASIK组、WLASIK组和SLASIK组在低度组和高度组术后视力均达到术前水平,3组间差异无统计学意义;在中度组,术后1,3mo时无统计学意义,在6mo时,WLASIK组裸眼视力明显好于ALASIK组和SLASIK组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),和术前比较A LASIK组和SLASIK组差异无统计学意义。
图1ALASIK组、WLASIK组和SLASIK组术后视觉满意度调查表。表2 ALASIK组、WLASIK组和SLASIK组术后裸眼视力(略)
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