【摘要】 目的:探讨老年性白内障超声乳化吸除术联合人工晶状体植入术术后早期视力低下的影响因素。方法:行老年性白内障超声乳化吸除术联合人工晶状体植入术的患者278例310眼,采用流行病学方法对可能影响术后早期视力的术前情况、手术过程及术后眼部情况的因素进行多因素分析,筛选出术后早期视力低下的影响因素。结果:经单因素分析有统计学意义的变量9项引入多因素logistic回归,最终进入模型的变量有6项,分别为年龄(OR=1.637,95%CI:1.168~2.293)、术前矫正视力(OR=1.745,95%CI:1.169~2.605)、青光眼病史(OR=3.645,95%CI:1.537~8.645)、眼底病变(OR=5.158,95%CI:2.787~9.546)、超声乳化时间(OR=4.065,95%CI:2.264~7.298)和术后角膜水肿(OR=1.045,95%CI:1.021~1.069)。结论:年龄大、术前矫正视力差、青光眼病史及眼底病变、超声乳化时间长、术后角膜水肿是术后早期视力低下的影响因素。眼底病变和超声乳化时间长是主要影响因素。
【关键词】 老年性白内障;超声乳化;视力低下;多因素分析
Risk factors of early low vision after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantion in senile cataract
Ming Liu, Hong Ning, JingPu Shi, ShuPing Wang
Foundation item:Science and Technology Department Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (No.2008225016)
Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,Liaoning Province,China
AbstractAIM: To explore the risk factors of early low vision after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantion in the elderly patients with cataract. METHODS: A total of 278 cataract patients 310 eyes who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantion were retrospectively studied. The susceptible preoperative risk factors to early low vision before the surgery, during the surgery process and ocular situation after the surgery were evaluated. The risk factors were analyzed by statistical multivariables analysis to investigate the factors which affect the early low vision. RESULTS: By univariate logistic regression analysis, it was indicated that nine factors were correlated with early low vision after surgery (P<0.05). By multivariables logistic regression analysis, six factors were related to early low vision after surgery, including age(OR=1.637,95%CI:1.1682.293), preoperative corrected visual acuity(OR=1.745,95%CI:1.1692.605), glaucoma(OR=3.645,95%CI:1.5378.645), ocular fundus abnormalities (OR=5.158,95%CI:2.7879.546), time of phacoemulsification(OR=4.065,95%CI:2.2647.298)and corneal edema after surgery(OR=1.045,95%CI:1.0211.069). CONCLUSION: Older, preoperative low corrected visual acuity, glaucoma, ocular fundus abnormalities, long time of phacoemulsification and corneal edema after surgery are risk factors affecting the early low vision after surgery. Ocular fundus abnormalities and long time of phacoemulsification are important risk factors .
KEYWORDS:senile cataract;phacoemulsification; low vision; multvariables analysis
0引言
随着人民生活质量的提高及社会人口的老龄化,人们对于老年人白内障术后视力质量的要求亦日益增高,故超声乳化吸除术以其切口小、术中术后并发症少、术后视力恢复快等优点得到广泛的开展,而且随着超声乳化仪器设备的迅猛发展、手术技巧的不断完善,白内障手术的复明效果日臻完善。但临床上仍会遇到一些白内障术后视力提高不理想的病例。我们回顾性分析了老年性白内障超声乳化吸除术联合人工晶状体植入术术后早期视力低下的影响因素。
1 对象和方法
1.1对象
200312/200412行老年性白内障超声乳化吸除术联合人工晶状体植入术的患者278例310眼。男127例135眼;女151例175眼。年龄50~91(平均69.6)岁。伴高血压病105眼,Ⅰ级81眼,Ⅱ级10眼,Ⅲ级14眼;伴糖尿病44眼,病程10~20a有34眼,病程>20a有10眼。全部患者术前常规行双眼裂隙灯、眼底镜(散瞳前后)、眼压、验光及曲率、A型及B型超声波、角膜内皮细胞计数、视觉诱发电位(visual evoked potential,VEP)等检查,用SPKⅡ公式计算人工晶状体度数,记录术眼与研究因素相关的检查结果,术前矫正视力:>0.3有23眼,>0.1~0.3有92眼,指数~0.1有153眼,手动光感42眼;角膜混浊19眼,瞳孔区外云翳11眼,瞳孔区外斑翳3眼,瞳孔区外白斑3眼,瞳孔区内混浊2眼;青光眼病史121眼,其中抗青光眼术后39眼,浅前房13眼,指测眼压T+1有3眼,余眼压和前房正常;陈旧性虹膜睫状体炎14眼(仅有角膜后散在细小的KP);晶状体核硬度按Emery[1]分级:Ⅱ级90眼,Ⅲ级181眼,Ⅳ级39眼;玻璃体混浊:轻度269眼,中度15眼,重度11眼;眼底病变99眼; VEP:视神经传导轻度延长有50眼,视神经传导障碍有218眼;角膜内皮细胞计数<2 000个/mm2仅有1例。表1术后早期视力低下有关的单因素分析(略)表2术后早期视力低下有关的多因素分析(略)
1.2方法
所有手术均由同一名医师使用同一台超乳机完成。对术眼行表面麻醉,3.2mm颞侧透明角膜隧道切口;撕囊镊连续环行撕囊,直径约5~6mm,水分离,单手法原位超声乳化碎核,吸除残留皮质,推注器注入人工晶状体至囊袋内,清除黏弹剂。超声能量均设定为55%,注吸负压为350mmHg,超声时间8~60s。无术中并发症的发生。观察术后早期(6d内)的眼部体征的变化,每天例行视力表、裂隙灯、眼底镜(散瞳后)等常规检查,对于视力低下(矫正视力<0.3)和/或眼底窥不清的患者行B超,光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)和VEP等检查。记录术后第6d的矫正视力、眼部体征及物理检查结果:矫正视力:≥0.3有189眼,<0.3有121眼;术后发生角膜水肿有112眼;角膜后弹力层皱褶73眼:一过性眼压增高3眼;仅有1眼发生了眼内炎。列出患者的一般情况、术前眼部体征、手术过程及术后眼部情况中的可疑影响术后早期视力的因素及其附值方式。
统计学分析:术后第6d矫正视力<0.3为术后早期视力低下作为病例组,余作为对照组。采用SPSS 12.00软件建立数据库,对上述所有研究因素中的计量资料进行t检验,计数资料进行χ2检验。将单因素分析结果中P<0.05的影响因素作为自变量进行多因素logistic回归分析,筛选出术后早期视力低下的影响因素。
2结果
术后早期视力低下影响因素的单因素分析中P<0.05的因素见表1。将P<0.05的所有因素进行多因素的logistic回归分析,分析结果见表2。多因素分析结果中各因素的优势比(OR)。
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