【摘要】 目的:观察角膜塑形镜治疗近视的临床效果和并发症,并分析其相关因素。方法:选择由三个眼科中心提供的配戴角膜塑形镜的病历资料,患者共302例601眼,观察戴镜后1wk;1,3mo的裸眼视力、屈光状态、ORBSCAN检查、角膜荧光素染色裂隙灯显微镜检查的情况。所有观察病例的治疗前设为自身对照组。结果:戴镜后1wk;1,3mo的裸眼视力分别与戴镜前裸眼视力比,均有统计学意义(t=95.920,77.710,65.362; P<0.01,<0.01,<0.01);戴镜后1wk;1,3mo的裸眼视力与戴镜前矫正视力1wk;1,3mo比,均无统计学意义(t= 1.364,0.599,0.581;P=0.174,0.550,0.562);戴镜后1wk;1,3mo的角膜前表面水平向曲率与戴镜前角膜前表面水平向曲率比,均有显著统计学意义(t=26.020,20.143,17.476;P<0.01,<0.01,<0.01);戴镜后1wk;1,3,6mo的角膜前表面垂直向曲率与戴镜前角膜前表面垂直向曲率比,均有显著统计学意义(t=22.505,20.626,21.667,25.397;P<0.01,<0.01,<0.01,<0.01);发生角膜上皮点状脱落和角膜中央明显压痕的病例在1wk时占7.5%,1mo时占6%,3mo占9.8%,其中反复出现角膜上皮点染和明显压痕的占2.5%。结论:角膜塑形镜治疗近视具有特有的降低近视度数速度快、效果显著、安全、可逆的优势,但矫正近视度有一定适用范围。
【关键词】 角膜塑形镜;治疗;近视
Clinical observation and complications analysis of orthokeratology lens for myopia
YueJing Wang, DuYa Chen, Wei Cheng, ChuanWei Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province,China
AbstractAIM:To observe the clinical effects and complications of orthokeratology lens for myopia, and to analyze the relevant factors.METHODS: The medical records of orthokeratology lens wearer 302 cases 601 eyes from three eye centers were analyed and the uncorrected visual acuity, refractive status, Orbscan examination, fluorescein staining 1 week; 1 month,3 months after wearing glasses were observed. The condition of all patients before treatment was regarded as control group.RESULTS: There was significant difference 1 week; 1 month,3 months after wearing glasses compared with before wearing glasses in uncorrected visual acuity(t= 95.920, 77.710, 65.362; P<0.01, <0.01, <0.01) , the anterior corneal surface horizontal curvature (t=26.020,20.143,17.476; P<0.01, <0.01, <0.01) and there was significant difference 1 week, 1 month, 3,6 months after wearing glasses compared with before wearing glasses in the anterior corneal surface perpendicular curvature (t=22.505,20.626,21.667,25.397;P<0.01, <0.01, <0.01, <0.01); However, There were no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity 1 week; 1 month,3 months after wearing glasses compared with the corrected visual acuity before wearing glasses. (t=1.364,0.599,0.581;P=0.174,0.550,0.562); The punctate loss of corneal epithelium and indentation of center cornea appeared in 1 week was 7.5%,1 month 6%, 3 months 9.8%, of which recurrence ratio was 2.5%.CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology has the quick, effective, safe, and reversible advantages for myopia,whereas it has certain applicability for correction of myopia.
KEYWORDS: orthokeratology; treatment; myopia
0引言
角膜塑形术(OrthoK CL)是接触镜这一古老的技术绽放的新枝,其高透氧性材质的改进和镜片新的设计理念,受到眼科界高度的瞩目。但是由于这一新技术发展过程的一波三折,故对其安全性和有效性尚存疑虑。因此我们就角膜塑形镜的临床疗效和并发症作一评价和分析。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 本组病例由三个眼科中心提供,共302例601眼,男119例,女183例,年龄8~40(平均12.72±0.31)岁。戴镜前屈光度等值球镜:3.36±0.077D,戴镜前平均矫正视力 0.954±0.005。本研究病例均经常规检查排除配戴角膜塑膜镜的眼部及全身禁忌证。材料:参与本研究的三个眼科中心均使用美国OPK梦戴维角膜塑形镜。
1.2方法 验配前检查:对充分了解角膜塑形镜作用原理并愿意接受者进行验配前的常规检查。检查内容包括裸眼视力、屈光度、矫正视力、裂隙灯显微镜的眼前节常规检查、眼底、眼压、角膜曲率测定及ORBSCAN检查等,特别是利用ORBSCAN监控角膜形态的变化,并建立完整的档案系统,以利随访和总结。试戴:根据检查数据选择合适的试戴镜片进行试戴,进行2~4h的试戴观察。观察试戴镜片后的视力和配适情况;配适观察使用荧光素染色,采用裂隙灯滤光弥散式投照法进行评估。根据试戴的结果找出最佳标准片定制镜片。配戴: 在经过戴片、摘片、护理培训后,要求患者每天在睡前用专业用液清洗镜片,然后将专用人工泪液滴入镜片内后戴镜;戴镜时间一般维持6~8h,次日清晨取下镜片清洗后用护理液将镜片泡入镜盒中,以备后用。随访:戴镜后1d;1,2wk;1,2,3mo要求来院复查,复查包括裸眼视力、屈光检查、ORBSCAN检查、角膜荧光素染色裂隙灯显微镜检查,尤其注意角膜上皮状况及镜片的情况。
统计学分析:数据使用SPSS 11.5软件包进行统计学处理,采用配对t检验对计量资料进行统计学分析,P<0.05为有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1 OK镜矫治前后视力的变化 本研究组戴镜后1d裸眼视力明显提高,戴镜后1wk;1,3mo的裸眼视力趋于稳定。将戴镜后1wk;1,3mo的裸眼视力分别与戴镜前裸眼视力比均有统计学意义(t=95.920,77.710,65.362;P<0.01,<0.01,<0.01 ,表1)。
2.2戴镜前后矫正视力 本组研究戴镜后1wk;1,3mo的裸眼视力与戴镜前矫正视力比较,均无统计学意义(t= 1.364,0.599,0.581;P=0.174,0.550,0.562,表1)。
2.3戴镜前后角膜前表面HK的比较 本组研究戴镜后1wk;1,3mo的角膜前表面水平向曲率与戴镜前角膜前表面水平向曲率比均有显著统计学意义(t=26.020,20.143,17.476;P<0.01,<0.01,<0.01 ,表2)。
2.4戴镜前后角膜前表面VK的比较 本组研究戴镜后1wk;1,3,6mo的角膜前表面垂直向曲率与戴镜前角膜前表面垂直向曲率比均有显著统计学意义(t=22.505,20.626,21.667,25.397;P<0.01,<0.01,<0.01,<0.01,表2)。
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