【摘要】 目的:研究糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)时糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)及视网膜振荡电位(oscillatory potentials,Op)的动态变化。方法:对确诊的2型糖尿病患者用检眼镜检查进行筛选,以眼底荧光素血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)进行明确分期,对各期患者在3a内定期行HbA1c测定6次,行Op检查2次,最后1次检测配合FFA检查,统计分析结果。结果:HbA1c水平控制在4.99%±0.58%为预防DR发生发展的安全参考值; HbA1c水平持续在9.77%±1.57%时,DR进展明显加快;Op总波幅下降副度< 10.6±4.9μV可作为预测视网膜病变未进展的参考值; Op总波幅下降幅度>31.6±9.7μV,则可作为预测2型糖尿病患者发生DR或DR发生进展的依据。结论:HbA1c,OP结合,能预测DR的发展。
【关键词】 糖尿病性视网膜病变;糖化血红蛋白;视网膜振荡电位
Glycosylated hemoglobin and visual electrophysiological testing in early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and prediction of disease progression
XuanYi Che1, JianMing Wang2, Yong Ma1, YuQin Li1, JianPing Wang1, Ke Wang1
Foundation item:Xian Science and Technology Project, Shaanxi Province,China(No.GG06192)
1Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Peoples Hospital, Xian 710068,Shaanxi Province,China;2Department of Ophthalmology,the Second Hospital,Xian Jiaotong University,Xian 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
AbstractAIM: To study dynamic changes of glycosylated hemoglobin and retinal oscillatory potentials in diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS: Ophthalmoscope examination was used to screen patients with typeⅡ diabetes. In this study, clear phases was limited by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Each patient of threeyear period regularly measured glycosylated hemoglobin six times and the retinae potentials two times. The final tests were combined with FFA, and the results were analyzed.RESULTS: When HbA1c level was controlled between 4.99%±0.58%, it could be used as the safety reference value for prevention of occurrence and development of retinopathy; HbA1c level continued in 9.77%±1.57%, the progress of DR speeded up significantly; the total amplitude of retinal oscillatory potentials (Op) decrease <10.6±4.9μV might be taken as stable reference value; amplitude of Op overall decrease >31.6±9.7μV might be used to predict the occurrence of DR or DR progression.CONCLUSION: Combination of HbA1c and Op can predict the development of DR.
KEYWORDS:diabetic retinopathy; glycosylated hemoglobin; retinal oscillatory potentials
0引言
糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病最常见和严重的并发症之一,并已成为世界性的主要致盲性眼病之一[1,2],目前尚无有效的根治方法,对其早期诊断早期治疗可大大降低致盲率。Priem等[3]指出,100%的1型糖尿病患者和60%的2型糖尿病患者发生DR,而 表1各组间HbA1c(%)及Ops总波幅(μV)的比较
DR是进行性发展的,其发生及严重程度与糖尿病的病程长短及血糖控制程度有密切关系。我们对DR在不同阶段形态改变时的糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin Alc,HbA1c)及视网膜振荡电位(oscillatory potentials, Op)进行动态观察,探寻DR的功能学与形态学改变的特点及其之间的联系如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 20050101/1231的糖尿病患者110例,符合WHO1987 年2型糖尿病诊断标准,进行眼底荧光素血管造影检测并分期分组,男46例,女64例,年龄44~76(平均52.1±4.2) 岁。经眼部系统检查及眼底荧光造影确诊有视网膜病变(DR组) 80例,单纯性患者60例(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ期各20例),增生性(Ⅳ期)患者20例,男32例,女48例,年龄54.7±3.8岁,病程3~19(平均12.4±4.2) a。无视网膜病变(NDR组) 30例,男14例,女16例,年龄52.2±3.6岁,病程2~12(平均7.6±3.4) a。对照组:我院健康体检者30例60眼 ,男17例34眼,女13例26眼,平均年龄55.1±12.1岁。有以下之一者予以排除:并发其它严重全身性疾病者(肾功能不全、明显高血脂、血压控制不佳者);单眼或双眼屈光介质明显混浊,影响眼底观察者;眼底病变已做过激光治疗者;伴有其它明显眼底病变者;屈光不正>±3.00D者。
1.2方法 试验开始对所有受试者行第1次空腹血糖、HbA1c及Op测定,后每6mo检测患者空腹血糖及HbA1c 1次,每个受试者共6次;试验结束时查Op 1次,每个受试者共2次。试验结束前每个病员均复查眼底及FFA,重新进行分期。将每位受试者所侧6次FBG及HbA1c各取平均值,对照组30例各侧1次FBG,HbA1c及Op进行分析。HbA1c检测用DCA 2000型糖化血红蛋白分析仪,正常值4%~6%。Op检测用重庆康华科技有限公司APS全自动视觉电生理检测仪,受检者用复方托吡卡胺(美多丽)眼液充分扩瞳(>7mm),暗适应40min后在暗红光下安装电极,作用电极使用角膜电极,表面麻醉后置于角膜表面,参考电极和地电极使用皮肤电极,分别置于耳前、前额正中。Op参数设置:闪光强度3.0cd.m2s,背景光强度0,刺激频率0.5,滤通频宽100~300Hz,预置次数1次,分析时间250ms,两次闪光相隔15s,双眼分别纪录Op总波幅,计算机自动处理分析并打印结果。
统计学分析:数据处理采用11.5统计软件,结果用(±s)表示,采用单向方差分析,组间比较采用t检验。P<0.01为差异有显著意义。
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