【摘要】 目的:研究糖尿病患者在自然状态下和持续睁眼状态下眼表面规则指数的变化。方法:分别对13例糖尿病患者连续病例及13例非糖尿病对照组患者(年龄、性别匹配)检测泪液分泌试验 (Schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt),泪膜破裂时间(tear breakup time,BUT),角膜荧光素染色(fluorescein staining,FL)及干眼症症状问卷调查。角膜地形图检测自然眨眼状态下及持续睁眼10s后的角膜不规则系数(irregular index,Irreg),后者模拟日常无意识眨眼次数减少的凝视状态。结果:更多糖尿病患者(9/13,对照组6/13)主诉每周至少一次出现一种以上干眼症症状。与对照组相比,糖尿病组SⅠt试验(11.4±2.5 vs 14.9±3.3mm/5min,P<0.01)及BUT(10.9±4.7 vs 13.6±3.4s, P=0.02)均明显降低。两组FL差异无显著性意义(0.59±0.65 vs 0.29±0.54, P=0.06)。自然状态下糖尿病组Irreg较对照组高,但差异无统计学意义(分别为1.36±0.46,1.11±0.45,P=0.06)。然而,持续睁眼10s后,糖尿病组Irreg明显增高至4.23±1.32,而对照组保持在2.08±0.60(P<0.01)。结论:糖尿病患者反射性泪液分泌及泪膜稳定性下降。持续睁眼时糖尿病患者角膜规则性指数(SRI)增加。
【关键词】 糖尿病;角膜地形图;角膜不规则系数
Surface irregular index of the diabetics
WenJing Ha, WenQing Zou, HuiFang Xu, Qing Gu, Jing Li
Foundation item:Natural Science Research Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China(No.NZ08133)
Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Peoples Hospital, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
Correspondence to:WenJing Ha.Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Peoples Hospital, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, [email protected]
Received:20100708 Accepted:20100727
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the variance of the irregular index of diabetics under ordinary circumstances and after sustained eye opening.
METHODS: In 13 consecutive diabetics and 13 cases of nondiabetic controls (age and sex matched), we performed the Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt), tear breakup time (BUT), fluorescein staining (FL) and symptom of dry eye questionnaires. Irregular index of corneal topography was also measured under routine circumstances and after sustained eye opening for 10 seconds, as a simulation of daily acts of gazing, which is defined as looking at an object with involuntary blink suppression.
RESULTS: More diabetics (9/13 vs the control group 6/13) complained the presence of one or more symptoms of dry eye once a weak. When compared with the control group diabetics showed significantly decreased SⅠt (11.4±2.5
vs 14.9±3.3mm/5min,P<0.01 ) and BUT (10.9±4.7 vs
13.6±3.4s, P=0.02).None of values differed between FL of two groups (0.59±0.65 vs 0.29±0.54, P=0.06). The ordinary irregular index was higher in diabetics although the differences were not significant (1.36±0.46,1.11±0.45, P=0.06). However, after 10 seconds of sustained eye opening, the irregular index increased significantly to 4.23±1.32 in the diabetic group, whereas it remained at 2.08±0.60 in controls (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION: In diabetics, reflex tearing and the tear film stability are demonstrated to be decreased. The SRI of diabetics increases when the eyes are kept open.
KEYWORDS: diabetics; corneal topography; irregular
index
Ha WJ, Zou WQ, Xu HF, et al. Surface irregular index of the diabetics. Int J Ophthalmol (Guoji Yanke Zazhi) 2010;10(9):17041706
糖尿病是一种全身代谢性疾病,越来越多的糖尿病患者以干眼症状为主诉就诊,已有研究证实糖尿病患者中干眼症发病率较高,泪液分泌量减少[1,2]。干眼症表现为各种原因引起的泪液质和量或动力学异常,导致泪膜不稳定和眼表组织病变,并伴有眼部不适症状。有研究提示干眼症患者表面光滑程度受到破坏[3]。我们将利用Orbscan ⅡZ角膜分析仪定量分析糖尿病患者的角膜不规则指数(irregular index, Irreg),评价糖尿病患者的角膜形态。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
选择200910/200911经本院内分泌科根据1985年WHO糖尿病诊断标准确诊的糖尿病2型患者13例26眼连续病例作为糖尿病组,男5例,女8例,年龄50~70(59.2±4.1)岁,病程超过10a,选择同期就诊本院眼科门诊的同年龄组患者(内分泌科检查排除糖尿病、类风湿、Sjogres综合征)13例26眼作为对照组(56.7±4.5),男6例,女7例。所有患者在6mo内未接受任何眼液治疗,无眼部激光、眼科手术治疗史,经视功能、裂隙灯显微镜及眼底检查排除可能引起眼表异常的其他疾病(眼睑位置异常、突眼、翼状胬肉、感染性炎症、化学或热灼伤等外伤)。
1.2方法
干眼症症状调查:参照美国干眼症流行病学调查问卷[4],包括干涩感、异物感、烧灼感、眼红、睫毛分泌物堆积结痂、晨起睁眼费力。一项或多项每周出现1次以上为干眼症状阳性。(1)泪液分泌试验(Schirmer Ⅰtest,SⅠt):室温下,用泪液分泌测试滤纸(天津晶明医疗器械有限公司),首端于折线标记处反折,置于下眼睑中外部1/3交界处的穹隆部,平视5min后取出滤纸,测量泪液浸湿长度。(2)泪膜破裂时间(tear breakup time, BUT):20g/L荧光素钠眼液(本院配制)1滴(2μL)点眼后,蓝色激发光下观察最后一次眨眼到荧光素膜出现第一个暗点间的时间,每眼测3次,每次间隔闭眼1min,取平均值。角结膜荧光素钠染色(sodium fluorescein,FL):20g/L荧光素钠眼液点眼后,蓝色激发光下观察角、结膜染色,参照Bijsterveld分级方法记录[5,6]。(3)不规则系数(Irreg):角膜地形图(Orbscan ⅡZ,美国,博士伦)测量患者自然眨眼后(ordinary Irreg)和持续睁眼10s后(10s Irreg)的表面不规则系数,取差值(v Irreg)。
统计学分析:以上数据除症状调查,其余均采用SPSS 12.0两样本均数比较的t检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1干眼症分析
经干眼症症状调查:糖尿病2型组13例患者中9例为干眼症状阳性(男性3/5,女性6/8),正常组13例患者中干眼症状阳性者6例(男性2/6,女性4/7)。糖尿病组患者泪液分泌量及泪膜稳定性较对照组降低,糖尿病组SⅠt试验:11.4±2.5 mm/5min,对照组SⅠt试验:14.9±3.3mm/5min;糖尿病组BUT:10.9±4.7s,对照组BUT:13.6±3.4s,经SPSS 12.0两样本均数比较的t检验,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。荧光素钠染色可见糖尿病组较对照组角结膜染色分级有增高趋势,尤以结膜染色为重,但其差异不具有统计学意义(表1)。
2.2表面不规则指数
Orbscan Ⅱz角膜地形图定量检测表面不规则指数,两组患者在自然眨眼状态下检测ordinary Irreg无明显差异,凝视状态下(睁眼10s)10s Irreg明显增高,糖尿病组增高程度(v Irreg)较对照组更为明显(分别为2.97±1.02, 0.93±0.36,P<0.05,表2)。
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