【摘要】 目的:探索表面麻醉前房灌注下透明角膜切口前玻璃体切除术联合四点固定推注人工晶状体悬吊术的临床疗效及安全性。方法:对我院200403/200612各种原因所致需要悬吊人工晶状体患眼51眼,在表面麻醉下通过2.8mm透明角膜切口,在前房灌注下用前玻璃体切除器处理瞳孔区机化膜及玻璃体后,巩膜外入路睫状沟四点固定Rayner Superflex推注式丙烯酸人工晶状体。结果:51例患者均在表面麻醉下顺利完成手术,有7眼术中加用一次表面麻醉药,无1例改变麻醉方法。手术时间15.12~40.80(平均20.83)min。术后视力提高5行以上者25眼(49.02%);3行以上者42眼(82.35%);1行以上者49眼(96.08%);2眼提高不明显,但诉较前清楚。对眼底检查无明显影响。结论:表面麻醉前房灌注下透明角膜切口前玻璃体切除术联合四点固定推注人工晶状体悬吊术治疗无晶状体眼安全、快捷、疗效确切,是治疗各种原因所致无囊膜支撑需悬吊人工晶状体的最佳手术方案之一。
【关键词】 表面麻醉 前房灌注 透明角膜切口 前玻璃体切除术 四点固定 推注人工晶状体 悬吊术
Anterior vitrectomy and injective foursites fixed intraocular lens implantation
LiDong Yang,YunDong Yang, Xin Zhang, HongQiang Jia, Shen Xu
Cangzhou Eye Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
AbstractAIM: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of anterior vitrectomy and injective foursites fixed intraocular lens (IOL) implantation through clear corneal incision with anterior chamber irrigation under topical anesthesia.METHODS: From March 2004 to December 2006, 51 patients (51 eyes) underwent suspended IOL implantation. During the surgery, the Rayner Superflex injective acrylic IOL was fixed in the ciliary sulcus on four sites through 2.8mm clear corneal incision by extrasclera procedure after the fibrous membrane and vitreous in the pupil area were removed by anterior vetrectomy technique under topical anesthesia.RESULTS: All the surgeries were completed successfully. Of them, 7 eyes were added topical anesthetics once again, and anesthetic method was not changed. The operation time was measured in all the patients (ranging from 15.12 minutes to 40.80 minutes, mean time 20.83 minutes). The postoperative visual acuity was improved more than 5 lines in 25 eyes (49.02%), more than 3 lines in 42 eyes (82.35%), more than 1 line in 49 eyes (96.08%), and of no changes in 2 eyes. The patients whose visual acuity had no improvement complained they saw things more clearly than before. The lenses had no obvious effects on the fundus examination. CONLUSION: The anterior vitrectomy and injective foursites fixed intraocular lens implantation through clear corneal incision with anterior chamber irrigation under topical anesthesia is a safe, effective operative method, and can be used to treat the aphakic eye without capsule supporting.
KEYWORDS: topical anesthesia;anterior irrigatioin; clear corneal incision;anterior vitrectomy; foursites fixed; injective intraocular lens;suspended intraocular lens implantation
0 引言
外伤性白内障、白内障囊内摘除术后、晶状体切除术后、晶状体脱位等无足够囊膜支持的情况下,虽然部分病例可选择前房型人工晶状体植入,但近期和远期并发症较多。近年来,倾向于选择不可折叠人工晶状体悬吊术来矫正这种情况下的无晶状体眼的屈光状态。但仍然由于切口较大造成并发症多及术后恢复慢。200403/200612我院对51眼实行表面麻醉前房灌注下透明角膜切口前玻璃体切除术联合四点固定推注人工晶状体悬吊术,取得较好疗效。现报告如下。
1 对象和方法
1.1 对象
本组51例51眼,其中先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼10眼,外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼9眼,玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼27眼,Marfan综合征2眼,Machesani综合征3眼。筛选方法:晶状体脱位预计囊袋环植入难以成功者;玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼矫正视力提高2行以上者;二期人工晶状体植入瞳孔区机化膜明显影响视力而眼底及角膜病变较轻者;一期白内障手术无明显囊膜能支撑睫状沟植入者;无继发青光眼倾向;角膜内皮细胞密度最小值>1220个/mm2。
1.2 方法
常规散瞳,爱尔凯因点眼每5min 1次,共3次,麻醉成功,儿童联合基础麻醉;角膜定位器做角膜印记标记钟点;沿角巩膜缘9∶00~10∶00,3∶00~4∶00打开球结膜,电凝止血;角巩膜缘后1.5mm部位为基底,以9∶30~3∶30为中心做边长3mm三角形巩膜瓣(卡尺测量);5∶00,3∶00处角膜缘做1mm侧切口,在曲率大的轴向做2.8mm透明角膜切口,12岁以下儿童因眼球壁较软最好行角巩膜缘隧道切口,前房注入透明质酸钠,分离虹膜后粘连,如有机化膜或残存晶状体皮质及囊膜可用前玻璃体切除术切除,行前玻璃体切除术时在侧切口植入前房灌注,此灌注器为24GA套管针改造而成;于角巩膜缘后1.5mm部位相当于巩膜瓣底边两顶点,贯穿平行穿两根100聚丙烯专用悬吊缝线,为便于穿过对侧用27G针头接应;从透明角膜切口进入前房,夹取缝线,并断开备用;取已装入Rayner Superflex推注式丙烯酸人工晶状体的植入器,推出部分前袢,将8∶30处两缝线结扎固定晶状体前袢两凹陷处,注意靠近10∶00处缝线固定于袢近光学区端,轻推注栓前袢即回缩;推注晶状体进入虹膜后,边推边向外轻拉前袢缝线,后袢留于角膜切口外,将3∶30处两缝线结扎固定晶状体后袢两凹陷处,注意靠近3∶00处缝线固定于袢近光学区端;调位晶状体后袢进入虹膜后,牵拉两侧缝线,使晶状体位置居中无倾斜,互相结扎本侧缝线,先打活结,吸除透明质酸钠,恢复眼压后观察晶状体无偏位及巩膜凹陷后,再打死结;100尼龙线缝合巩膜瓣1针;前玻璃体切除术切除注吸透明质酸钠及玻璃体,卡米可林缩瞳观察晶状体位置、有无虹膜及玻璃体嵌顿;电凝复位球结膜伤口,结膜下注射妥布霉素1万U、阿托品0.1mg、氟美松1mg。术后根据炎症情况常规处理。如为一期白内障手术无后囊膜支撑,可摘除晶状体后同时行此术式。
2 结果
2.1 麻醉效果
麻醉效果可分为3级。1级:无痛感或有微痛,术中配合好;2级:轻度疼痛,可忍受并配合手术顺利完成,或加滴表面麻醉药后顺利完成手术;3级:疼痛明显,不能配合,需改用其他麻醉方法。1级38眼(包括儿童加用基础麻醉11眼),2级13眼,有7眼术中加用一次表面麻醉药。无1例改变麻醉方法。
2.2 手术时间
手术时间15.12~40.80(平均20.83)min。
2.3 术后视力
术后51眼裸眼视力均有所提高,提高5行以上25眼,其中16眼(49.02%)达0.8;3行以上者42眼(82.35%);1行以上者49眼(96.08%);2眼因角膜云翳和黄斑裂孔视力表检查提高不明显,但诉较前清楚。
2.4 术后并发症
术中联合瞳孔成形术28眼有轻中度色素膜炎性反应(儿童较重),麻痹睫状肌和皮质类固醇治疗3~7d内控制吸收;30眼角膜切口轻度水肿,3~5d消失;人工晶状体无1例偏位,散光变化>1.00D者3例(5.88%);<1.00D者48例(94.12%);<0.50D者32例(62.75%)。对眼底检查无明显影响。术后眼压>20mmHg者(1mmHg=0.133kPa)5例,但无超过30mmHg者,1~2种降眼压药物1~3d控制。恶性青光眼、脉络膜脱离、眼内出血、黄斑囊样水肿、视网膜脱离、眼内炎0例。
[1] [2] 下一页 |