9展望
对于较复杂的RRD,首选玻璃体切除术成为一种趋势。随着科学技术的发展,玻璃体切除术将进一步改良,成为一种有较少并发症、较高的视网膜复位率、视力恢复好的手术。25G玻璃体切除术是进入此方向的一步,虽然其远期疗效有待进一步观察。为扩大微创玻璃体切割术的的适应证,使更多的患者能够接受这种手术,目前一些学者正在致力于能溶解或液化玻璃体的药物,其中血纤维蛋白溶酶的应用在临床上取得了初步的效果[25,26]。但是,认为每一个病例都可首选玻璃体切除术,有失偏激。在临床上对于大多数不复杂的、尤其是新鲜的病例,引起漏水的裂孔是1个或临近的一组,采用限于裂孔区的不放液的节段性外垫压,是合理的选择。因此,应该在手术之前仔细寻找所有裂孔,然后根据病例首选手术量较小而且可能一次成功、并发症少、视力后果好、患者花费少的术式。只要熟练掌握视网膜脱离诊断技术,能找到所有裂孔,不放液的节段性外垫压将提供理想的视网膜复位率和较少的并发症。相信随着手术设备及技术的不断完善,未来高技术的发展将提供更精确的视网膜裂孔诊断和视网膜脱离手术。将来在临床试验方面进行的多中心、大样本临床对照研究,在比较不同术式治疗RRD的疗效方面将有肯定的结论,为我们选择术式提供指导。因此,我们应该保持开放的头脑,迎接即将到来的、在视网膜和玻璃体手术领域的创新。
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