【摘要】 一百多年来对于阅读障碍的病因及发病机制,不同学者意见不一。目前,大多数学者认为:阅读障碍是由于人类早期对于视觉及语音信息的认知和加工能力的发育障碍所致,即以下两种神经行为学假说:语音加工缺陷假说;基本感知觉加工缺陷假说。同时患者还伴随一定程度的神经结构功能异常,主要表现在视觉大细胞系统上。本文就目前阅读障碍在视觉功能方面的研究进展做一综述。
【关键词】 阅读障碍 视觉功能 儿童
The advancement of researches on dyslexia and vision function
Ye-Yu Shen, Li-Jie Hou, Fan Lü
School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
Abstract During the past 100 years, different researchers have diverse views in the etiology and pathogenesis of dyslexia. Now some researchers think dyslexia is due to the early developmental obstacles of the cognitive and processing capacity of voice and visual information. There are two important neuroethological hypothesis, the Impairment of Vocie procession and the Impairment of Foundmental Perceptive procession. Simultaneously, the patients were accompanied by a certain degree of abnormal structure and functions of nervous system, as demonstrated by magnocellular system in the visual pathway. The present paper reviews on the research progress of dyslexia and vision function.
· KEYWORDS: dyslexia; vision function; children
0引言
阅读障碍(Dyslexia)是一种较常见的表现为阅读、书写等能力缺陷的神经综合征。分为获得性阅读障碍和发展性阅读障碍,前者是指后天脑损伤(如脑外伤、脑肿瘤等)造成的阅读障碍;后者则是拥有正常智力、情感,以及相应的教育及社会文化机会,但在阅读方面出现的特殊学习困难状态,可能是发育早期获得认知技能的正常方式受损,这种损害不是单纯缺乏学习机会和智力发育迟缓所造成的[1]。近10a来,西方国家关于阅读障碍的病因及机制的研究取得了较大进展,主要集中在家族遗传,神经结构功能异常,视觉及语音认知缺陷,脂肪酸代谢异常4个方面。现状主要针对发展性阅读障碍(下文简称“阅读障碍”)在视觉功能及视觉神经结构上的异常等方面的研究进展做一综述。
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