【摘要】 目的 分析眼前节异物误诊的一些原因及特征,探讨其玻璃体手术效果。方法 对11例经手术证实为前房异物患者的临床病例资料进行回顾性分析。术前行X线、B超及CT检查,1例未主诉外伤史者未行X线检查。患者均行巩膜外环扎和玻璃体切割术。结果 B超检查均为阴性,X线检查10眼显示阴性,CT检查6眼显示阳性。第1次手术术中11眼发现眼前节异物,1眼第2次手术中意外发现残留异物;非磁性异物10眼,磁性异物2眼;异物大小0.5mm×0.3mm×1.2mm~2mm×2mm×20mm。术后11眼视力在0.02以上(11/12,91.67%)。结论 即使异物足够大,一般的B超也不能显示眼前节异物。术前和术中判断有无异物除有外伤史的主诉外,注意眼前节的异常炎症和机化非常重要。
Analysis of misdiagnosis of foreign bodies in the anterior segment of globe Zhang Yonghong,Zhu Xiaohua,Wang Ling,et al. Department of Ophthalmology,Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha410011 【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the clinical features and misdiagnostic causes of foreign bodies in the anterior segment of globe and to evaluate the clinical effect of vitrectomy.Methods 11clinical inpatient cases which underwent vitrectomy and the examinations of X-ray film,B mode ultrasound and CT preoperatively were studied restropectively.Results The showing rate of B-scan was0%,X-ray photography of10eyes was negtive,intraocular foreign bodies were detected in6of12eyes with CT scan.11eyes were found foreign bodies in the anterior segment during the first surgery.One eye was found retained foreign body during the second operation.10were non-magnetic and2were magˉnetic.The dimension was changing from0.5mm×0.3mm×1.2mm to2mm×2mm×20mm.The visual acuity of11eyes was better than0.02postoperation.Conclnsion Rourtine B-scan ultrasound almost cannot show foreign bodies in the anterior segment.It is important to take particular notice of the anomalies in the anterior segment,such as inflammations and organizations. Key Words foreign body anterior segment vitrectomy B mode ultrasonic
眼内异物是眼外伤中较为复杂的病情,眼前节异物一般的B超不能显示,即使异物有足够大,非磁性异物X线也不显影。术前和术中判断有无异物除有明显的外伤史主诉外,还要注意眼前节的异常炎症和机化。近几年我们在这方面积累了一些经验,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 患者为1996年~2002年收治的行玻璃体切割手术发现眼前节异物误诊者,共11例,12眼,1例为双眼患者,男10例,女1例。年龄3~56岁,平均16.8岁。有明显外伤病史主诉者9例。术前最佳矫正视力光感~手动(11眼),0.02(1眼)。眼前节病变包括外伤性白内障9眼、明显的角巩膜穿通伤8眼,同时伴有虹膜炎症粘连、前房积脓等;后节病变有玻璃体积血4眼、积脓2眼、视网膜脱离3眼等。2例无明显外伤主诉患者,1眼因眼内炎收治,另1眼因玻璃体机化视网膜脱离收治。病程5~120d,平均16.9d。术前行X线、B超及CT检查,1例未主诉外伤史者未行X线检查。追踪观察6~24个月,平均8.5个月。
1.2 手术方法 患者均行巩膜外环扎和标准巩膜三切口玻璃体切割术,有白内障者行晶状体切除或超声乳化联合人工晶体植入。玻璃体切割术中仔细切割前节和玻璃体基底部的机化膜,特别注意异常的机化和包裹以及有色的异常结构。
2 结果
12眼行B超检查均未发现前节异物,X线检查10眼显示阴性,CT检查5眼较大异物显示阳性。双眼患者CT检查1眼显示有1个前节异物,另1眼5个异物均未显示。首次手术术中11眼发现眼前节异物,1眼第2次手术发现前节异物;非磁性异物10个,磁性异物2个;单个异物8眼,多发性异物(2个异物以上)4眼,最多1眼达5个;异物多在后房、平坦部;异物大小横径0.5~2mm、纵径1.2~20mm、高0.3~5mm。一较大异物为贯穿眼球颞侧平坦部的一根长细木条。9眼伴有外伤性白内障(75.0%),牵引性视网膜脱离2眼,术中发现黄斑裂孔1眼。11眼第1次术中认识和成功取出眼内异物,1眼多发性异物术后半年角巩膜发生异常板层葡萄肿,再次手术发现角巩膜板层穿孔处葡萄膜下有一细长的瓷白色碳化物。11眼术后获得解剖和功能上的成功(视力在0.02以上),1眼失败。
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