3 讨论
剥夺性近视是一种有效的实验性近视眼的动物模型。本研究中,在新出生的来亨鸡眼前连续戴黑色眼罩2周,成功构建剥夺性近视眼动物模型。并在实验组遮盖眼玻璃体腔注射不同浓度的多巴胺溶液,研究多巴胺对眼球重量、赤道部直径和眼轴长度的影响,初步显示了多巴胺对鸡剥夺性近视眼发生发展的抑制作用。眼球的生长发育至少受两种机制的调节,高位中枢的调节作用和眼局部的调节作用。进一步对对照组的遮盖眼和实验组的遮盖眼物理学参数的分析,发现多巴胺对眼球的重量和眼轴的长度有显著的抑制作用,且随着多巴胺浓度的增高,抑制作用增强。而对眼球赤道部直径无显著性的抑制作用。这些结果支持多巴胺通过眼内机制调节眼球的生长发育,而非通过高位中枢途径。同时也说明玻璃体腔注射多巴胺,正是阻断了由于剥夺性近视眼视网膜多巴胺水平降低所致的病理变化,从而降低眼轴长度的增加。而对高位中枢调节作用异常引起的眼球赤道部的膨胀无抑制作用。近视眼的研究已经走过了一个多世纪的历程,研究者对视黄醛 [5,13] 、褪黑激素 [14] 、血管活性肠多肽 [6] 、一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂 [15] 等多种因子在近视眼中的作用都做了有益的探索,但至今临床上没有有效的药物可以预防和控制近视眼的发生和发展。本研究探讨了多巴胺对鸡剥夺性近视眼发生发展的抑制作用,这些结果提示多巴胺可能成为预防和治疗人类近视眼的候选药物。进一步的工作将就多巴胺玻璃体腔注射对鸡剥夺性近视眼脉络膜和巩膜作用的病理和分子生物学机制做出研究。
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