【摘要】 目的:分析巩膜隧道小切口非超声乳化白内障手术并发症原因,探讨其处理方法。方法:回顾分析了135例(146眼)巩膜隧道小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的并发症及其治疗方法。结果:并发症:后囊膜破裂15眼(10.3%),上方虹膜反复脱出 4眼(2.7%),角膜水肿47眼(32.2%),葡萄炎12眼(8.2%),前房出血8眼(5.5%),后囊膜混浊17眼(11.6%),继发性青光眼2眼(1.4%)。结论:巩膜隧道小切口非超声乳化白内障手术并发症少,后囊膜破裂和角膜水肿是其主要并发症,对出现的并发症应积极妥善处理,可获得满意的手术效果。
【关键词】 小切口 非超声乳化 白内障 并发症
Prevention and management of the complications after smallincision nonphacoemulsification cataract surgery
ZongHua Wang, YaoYu Li, Hua Bai
Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing District Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100700, China
Abstract AIM: To discuss the prevention and management of the complications after cataract surgery of smallincision nonphacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with intraocular lenses implantation. METHODS: The complications of 135 cataract patients (146 eyes) underwent smallincision nonphacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with intraocular lenses implantation were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Corneal edema was in 47 eyes (32.2%), posterior capsule opacification in 17 eyes(11.6%), posterior capsular rupture in 15 eyes (10.3%), uveitis in 12 eyes(8.2%), hyphema in 8 eyes (5.5%), superior iris prolapse in 4 eyes (2.7%), secondary glaucoma in 2 eyes(1.4%). CONCLUSION: Smallincision nonphacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with intraocular lenses implantation has fewer complications. The most complications of cataract surgery are rupture of posterior capsular and corneal edema. The suitable managing its complications still get satisfied postoperative visual acuity. KEYWORDS: smallincision; nonphacoemulsification; cataract; complication 0引言 白内障是最常见的致盲性眼病之一,目前最有效的治疗方法仍然是手术治疗,而小切口非超声乳化白内障手术因其术后散光小、视力恢复快、操作简单、费用低、无需特殊设备及器械、并发症少等特点,在我国基层医院广泛开展。本文对我院开展的巩膜隧道小切口非超声乳化白内障手术出现的并发症进行分析如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 200603/200703,我院共施行巩膜隧道小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术共135例(146眼),男63例,女72例。年龄21~90(平均71.9)岁。其中老年性白内障109例(118眼),后发性白内障16例(18眼),外伤性白内障4例(4眼),白内障并发青光眼6例(6眼)。按核硬度分级:Ⅲ级以上88例(96眼),Ⅲ以下47例(50眼)。术前视力:光感~0.4。眼压:10.19~22.33mmHg。人工晶状体选用Alcon一体型PMMA人工晶状体,光学直径5.5mm。术前行眼科及全身常规检查,A超测量眼轴长度,角膜曲率计测量角膜曲率,眼B超排除视网膜脱离和占位等病变,SRKⅡ公式自动计算出人工晶状体度数。
1.2方法 术前用美多丽眼液充分散瞳,球周或球后麻醉,上直肌固定缝线,做上方以穹窿为基底的结膜瓣,烧灼止血。于角膜缘后1.5mm作弦长5.0~7.0mm深达1/3~1/2巩膜厚度的反眉形巩膜隧道切口,开罐式截囊,充分水分层、水分离,充分游离晶状体核。扩大隧道的内口,以带灌注的晶状体套圈伸入核的后方,将核拖出,吸净皮质。囊袋内注入粘弹剂扩张囊袋,将人工晶状体植于囊袋内或睫状沟,置换残留皮质和粘弹剂,切口缝合2~3针。术后予托百士、氟美瞳眼液点眼1wk。术后随访3mo。
2结果
2.1术后视力 术后随访1mo,矫正视力≥0.5者124眼(84.9%),0.1~0.4者18眼(12.3%),<0.1者4眼(2.8%)。
2.2术中并发症 (1)后囊膜破裂15眼(10.3%),9眼发生在娩核时,5眼发生在注吸皮质时,1眼发生在植入晶状体过程中。7眼将人工晶状体植入囊袋内,4眼植入虹膜睫状体沟内,2眼采用缝合悬吊人工晶状体,2眼未植入人工晶状体。(2)上方虹膜反复脱出 4眼(2.8%),其中1眼伴上方虹膜根部离断。
2.3术后并发症 (1)角膜水肿47眼(32.2%),轻度角膜水肿42眼,中重度角膜水肿5眼,没有出现大泡性角膜炎者。(2)葡萄膜炎12眼(8.2%),反应性葡萄膜炎11眼,迟发性葡萄膜炎1眼。(3)前房出血8眼(5.5%),7眼为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级, 1眼为Ⅲ级。(4)继发性青光眼2眼(1.4%),其中1眼为后囊膜破裂后注吸粘弹剂不彻底,在前房内残留引起,另1眼为糖尿病患者,术后炎症反应严重,形成纤维性渗出引起。(5)后囊膜混浊17眼(11.6%),其中12眼行YAG激光治疗,视力明显提高。
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