【摘要】 目的:探讨经泪小点泪道内窥镜治疗难治性泪道阻塞性疾病的疗效,评价其临床应用价值。方法:难治性泪道阻塞患者29例(32眼)于局麻下使用经泪小点泪道内窥镜系统进行泪道检查,并针对阻塞部位进行激光或电钻处理,泪道冲洗通畅后,注入3g/L妥布霉素+1mg/g地塞米松眼膏,术后随访6mo观察疗效。结果:全部患眼泪道均能被有效观察,术中再通率100%,术后随访治愈20眼(62%),好转5眼(16%),无效7眼(22%)。结论:经泪小点泪道内窥镜能对难治性泪道阻塞性疾病进行有效观察,并能进行有效的针对性治疗。
【关键词】 内窥镜;泪道阻塞;激光
Treatment of refractory lacrimal passage obstruction by endoscopy of the lacrimal drainage system
YuKan Huang, Wei Chen, Zhi Wang, MingChang Zhang, Fei Chen
Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
Correspondence to:YuKan Huang. Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China. [email protected]
AbstractAIM: To investigate the effects of treatment for refractory lacrimal passage obstruction with endoscopy of the lacrimal drainage system and evaluate its clinical application. METHODS: Twentynine patients (32 eyes) with refractory lacrimal passage obstruction were examined by endoscopy of the lacrimal drainage system after local anesthesia, and the obstructions were treated with laser or microdrill. Ointment with 3g/L tobramycin and 1mg/g dexamethasone was injected into the lacrimal passage after unblocked irrigation. All patients were followed up after operation for 6 months.RESULTS: The scene in lacrimal passage of each eye could be observed effectively. All of the obstructions could be cleared in the operation. Twenty eyes (62%) were cured by the treatment, the symptom of 5 eyes (16%) were alleviated, and the treatment failed in 7 eyes (22%) in the follow up.CONCLUSION: The refractory lacrimal passage obstructions can be observed directly and treated with endoscopy of the lacrimal drainage system. It is an effective way to treat such diseases. KEYWORDS:endoscopy;lacrimal passage obstruction;laser
0引言
泪道阻塞性疾病是眼科常见病,虽然治疗方法多样,但均有部分病例效果不佳。一些临床上处理较为困难或疗效不确定的病例成为影响手术成功率的瓶颈。我们将多段泪道阻塞、前次治疗导致假道形成、多次经插管或激光治疗无效或疏通后1mo复发阻塞的情况称之为“难治性泪道阻塞”。如何提高这部分病例的手术成功率成为提高总体疗效的关键。经泪小点泪道内窥镜对泪道阻塞性疾病的诊疗[1,2]是近年来开展的一项新技术,其能够在直视下对病变部位和程度进行有效观察,并可同步进行针对性治疗。我们对29例我院就诊的难治性泪道阻塞患者进行了泪道内窥镜治疗,报道如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
200610/200701在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院眼科就诊的难治性泪道阻塞患者29例(32眼)进行泪道内窥镜治疗,排除慢性泪囊炎患者。其中男4例4眼,女25例28眼。年龄21~57(平均34.4)岁。包括多段泪小管阻塞5眼、假道形成3眼、多次治疗无效13眼、复发阻塞11眼。采用型号为Vitroptik T6 short, PDOS1105的Endognost泪道内窥镜系统(Poly Diagnost公司, Germany)。组件包括内窥镜、连接杆、冷光源、视频转换器、视频连接线、高速微型电钻及电脑主机。其中内窥镜为直头,直径1.1mm,视角70°,工作长度35mm,含3个通道,分别为:(1)光导纤维通道,其顶部安装有一个70°透镜,通过光源可获得像素为6000的图像;(2)工作通道,内径为0.4mm,可通过最大390μm的激光光纤或微型电钻钻头;(3)注水通道(图1)。泪道激光使用JLERY11B型脉冲Nd:YAG激光机(武汉晶利尔公司),激光光纤直径为300μm。
1.2方法
患者取去枕仰卧位,常规消毒铺巾,20g/L利多卡因滑车神经和鼻睫神经阻滞麻醉。启动内窥镜系统冷光源,电脑软件系统进入采图状态。用拇指将下眼睑向颞下方绷紧,将内窥镜从已扩张的泪小点插入,沿泪道逐步向前,观察泪小管管壁状况及有无阻塞。当内窥镜顶及骨壁时向下呈90°转成垂直位,进入泪囊。观察泪囊粘膜及鼻泪管开口阻塞情况。当发现泪道阻塞处则对其进行疏通,可以选择2种方式:(1)使用泪道激光,左手固定内窥镜,使内窥镜获得的图像保持相对稳定状态,右手于工作通道插入带红色指示光的激光光纤,使光纤头抵及阻塞部位,发射激光直至阻塞部位完全疏通,输出能量控制在260~280mJ,频率为20Hz;(2)使用高速微型电钻:同法固定内窥镜,右手将钻头插入工作通道,固定推进器,向前推动推进器使螺旋钻头由内窥镜工作通道头伸出,抵及阻塞部位,发动电钻,向前推进,直到阻塞部位通畅。通过内窥镜观察,确认泪道阻塞已完全疏通后,缓慢退出内窥镜。冲洗泪道畅通后沿泪道插入9号套管针,注入3g/L妥布霉素+1mg/g地塞米松眼膏(典必殊眼膏)1mL,使其充填整个泪道。所有手术由同一术者完成。术后随访6mo。术后:应用3g/L泰利必妥滴眼液眼4次/d。术后第3d开始抗生素液(生理盐水+庆大霉素+地塞米松)冲洗泪道并注入典必殊眼膏,每3d重复前次操作1次,持续4wk。每月冲洗泪道1次,持续6mo。疗效评定标准:(1)溢泪症状消失,冲洗泪道通畅6mo以上为治愈;(2)溢泪症状减轻,泪道冲洗通而不畅为好转;(3)溢泪症状无改善,冲洗泪道不通或随访期间已通畅后再次阻塞为无效。
2结果
2.1观察结果
全部患眼均能在内窥镜下获得满意图像。内窥镜下见泪道阻塞处为管腔闭塞(图2),部分严重患眼泪道壁有粘膜皱襞或瘢痕,为白色或灰白色,可见到管腔不规则(图3)。前次治疗导致假道的患眼中2眼可见假道开口,开口位于泪小管或泪总管,表现为泪小管壁上孔洞(图4)。
2.2治疗结果
全部患眼均能在术中通过泪道内窥镜治疗后再通,术中泪道冲洗通畅。术后随访62%的患眼治愈,16%的患眼症状好转,有效率(包括治愈及好转)为78%。22%的患眼无效。各种类型难治性泪道阻塞疗效见表1。表1 泪道内窥镜治疗各种难治性泪道阻塞结果(略)
[1] [2] 下一页 |