3 结语
翼状胬肉的发病机制较为复杂,目前认为在紫外线B的照射下,球结膜胶原纤维及弹性纤维发生变性、成纤维细胞出现了转化并表达异常蛋白,引发了机体的免疫反应。在正常的免疫应答下,肥大细胞被激活,释放大量活性物质及细胞因子,作用于转化的成纤维细胞使之增殖加快,同时也刺激使之表达大量异常蛋白,如MMPs降解细胞外基质及参与新生血管形成,进一步加剧了机体的免疫反应。角膜缘干细胞在紫外线照射下发生功能障碍、部分发生转化,同时因肥大细胞释放大量活性物质及转化的成纤维细胞表达异常蛋白影响改变了其生存的微环境,引起其数量上的缺乏,使得角膜-结膜栅栏作用消失。在紫外线的照射下p53基因突变导致细胞凋亡与细胞增殖失衡,使增生的转化成纤维细胞及增殖的翼状胬肉上皮细胞得以越过角膜缘屏障向角膜发展。
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