【摘要】 目的 对用Visante眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪(anterior segment optical coherence tomography,AS-OCT)、Orbscan-Ⅱ眼前节分析仪以及超声角膜测厚仪测量近视眼准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keretomileusis,LASIK)前、后的角膜厚度结果准确性进行分析,为临床应用提供参考。方法 49例(98眼)近视眼患者于LASIK手术前及手术后第1个月,分别用Visante眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪、Orbscan-Ⅱ眼前节分析仪以及超声角膜测厚仪进行角膜中央厚度测量,对不同测量方法间的比较进行配对t检验,相关性采用Pearson相关性分析。结果 Visante眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪、Orbscan-Ⅱ眼前节分析仪(校正系数分别为0.92和0.95)以及超声角膜测厚仪在LASIK手术前测量角膜中央厚度依次为(528.40±30.73)μm、(531.56±33.09)μm、(548.90±34.17)μm和(549.92±31.35)μm,三种检查仪测量结果有高度相关性。AS-OCT测量所得的角膜中央厚度较超声法测量结果薄(21.52±14.17)μm,差异有统计学意义(t=10.52, P=0.000);Orbscan-Ⅱ法采用0.92校正系数时其测量结果较超声法薄(18.35±11.14)μm,差异有统计学意义(t=11.41,P=0.000),而采用0.95的校正系数时,测量结果较超声法薄(1.02±11.53)μm,差异无统计学意义(t=0.613,P=0.543)。LASIK手术后第1个月,上述仪器测量结果依次为(448.85±35.53)μm、(434.37±42.07)μm、(448.39±43.26)μm和(445.71±34.84)μm。AS-OCT测量角膜中央厚度较超声法测量结果厚(2.52±9.61)μm,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.82,P=0.076);Orbscan-Ⅱ法采用0.92校正系数时其测量结果较超声法薄(11.47±15.08)μm,差异有统计学意义(t=5.27,P=0.000),采用0.95的校正系数时,测量结果较超声法厚(2.68±15.95)μm,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.165,P=0.250)。结论 LASIK手术前,Visante眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪角膜中央厚度测量值较小,手术后测量结果与超声测量结果一致;Orbscan-Ⅱ眼前节分析仪采用厂家默认校正系数时手术前后测量结果均较薄,采用合理校正系数时测量结果可信。
【关键词】 角膜磨镶术,激光原位/方法;角膜厚度;眼前节;光学相干断层扫描仪;Orbscan-Ⅱ;超声测厚仪
Comparison of corneal pachymetry before and after LASIK using different methods
PANG Chenjiu, SONG Xiaohong, WANG Liya.
Henan Provincial Eye Institute, Zhengzhou China, 450003
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the accuracy of central corneal thickness (CCT) measured by Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), Orbscan-Ⅱ and A-scan ultrasound pachymetry (USP) before and after laser in situ keretomileusis (LASIK) in myopic patients. Methods Forty-nine myopic patients (98 eyes) underwent Visante AS-OCT, Orbscan-Ⅱ (acoustic equivalent correction factors of 0.92 and 0.95 were used) and USP examination pre- and 1-month post-LASIK. The differences between the instruments were evaluated by t tests. The correlation between the measurements was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results Before LASIK, the mean measurements of average CCTs with the Visante AS-OCT, Orbscan-Ⅱ (acoustic equivalent correction factors of 0.92 and 0.95) and USP were (528.40±30.73)μm, (531.56±33.09)μm, (548.90±34.17)μm and (549.92±31.35)μm, respectively. There was a high correlation among the instruments. The mean CCT measurement with the AS-OCT was (21.52±14.17)μm was less than that with USP and the difference was significant(t=10.52, P=0.000). The mean CCT measurement with the Orbscan-Ⅱ (0.92) was (18.35±11.14)μm less than that with USP, and the difference was significant (t=11.41, P=0.000). However, with the 0.95, the difference was (1.02±11.53)μm, which was not significant(t=0.613, P=0.543). After LASIK, the mean measurements of average CCTs with the Visante AS-OCT, Orbscan-Ⅱ (acoustic equivalent correction factors of 0.92 and 0.95) and USP were (448.85±35.53)μm, (434.37±42.07)μm, (448.39±43.26)μm, and (445.71±34.84)μm, respectively. The mean CCT measurement with the AS-OCT was (2.52±9.61)μm, which was thicker than that with USP but the difference was not significant (t=-1.82, P=0.076). The mean CCT measurement with Orbscan-Ⅱ with the default acoustic equivalent correction factor 0.92 was (11.47±15.08)μm, which was lower than that with USP, and the difference was significant (t=5.27, P=0.000); however, with the acoustic equivalent correction factor of 0.95, the difference was (2.68±15.95)μm, which was not significant (t=-1.165, P=0.250). Conclusion The AS-OCT underestimates CCT when it is compared to that measured with USP pre-LASIK but is in agreement with USP post-LASIK. Orbscan-Ⅱ underestimates CCT with the default acoustic equivalent correction factor both before and after LASIK, but with the acoustic equivalent correction factor of 0.95, it is in agreement with USP.
[Key words] keretomileusis, laser in situ/methods; corneal thickness; anterior segment; optical coherence tomography; Orbscan-Ⅱ; ultrasound pachymetry 角膜厚度测量对准分子激光角膜屈光手术意义重大:手术前精确测量是手术适应证选择必需条件之一;手术后精确测量,对手术效果的评估、再次手术的选择、继发角膜膨隆的诊断都有重要意义。超声测量法是各种测量方法的金标准,但超声法要接触眼球,增加了感染的机会,且容易受到操作者熟练程度的影响[1]。Orbscan-Ⅱ眼前节分析仪在临床上应用广泛,操作简单、快速,且非接触,但手术后测量角膜厚度结果偏低[2-3]。Visante眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪(anterior segment optical coherence tomography, AS-OCT)是近年来推出的另一种根据光学原理设计的眼前节测量仪器,非接触,操作简便,可测量全角膜厚度或前房角结构等[4-5]。本研究观察Orbscan-Ⅱ眼前节分析仪、AS-OCT以及超声角膜测厚仪三种仪器在准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keretomileusis,LASIK)前、后角膜厚度测量结果,对其进行评价。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料 随机选择河南省眼科研究所准分子激光治疗中心的49例(98眼)近视眼患者作为研究对象,征得患者同意,其中男性27例,女性22例,年龄18~40岁,平均为(23.3±6.0)岁。术前等效球镜度为-3.00~-10.00 D,平均为(-6.08±2.36)D。
1.2 手术方法 所有患者均用Hansatome 角膜板层刀(Bausch﹠Lomb)制作角膜瓣。根据角膜直径及曲率大小选用8.5 mm或9.5 mm吸环,160或180刀头,Technolas 217z准分子激光(Bausch﹠Lomb)进行治疗,光学区5.5~6.5 mm。手术后用0.3%泰利必妥、0.1%氟米龙及0.1%爱丽滴眼液点眼,4次/d。手术后第1天、第1周、第1个月复查。
1.3 检查方法 所有患者手术前及手术后第1个月,分别用三种方法进行角膜厚度测量,先行Orbscan-Ⅱ 检查,再行AS-OCT检查,最后行超声角膜测厚,先行右眼后行左眼检查。
1.3.1 Orbscan-Ⅱ检查 使用Orbscan-Ⅱ眼前节分析仪(version 3.10.27,Orbtek Inc.,Salt Lake City,UT)。将被检查者的下颌置于托架上,调整高度及头位,瞩被检查者注视前方闪烁红灯,检查者调整焦距,当显示屏上看到角膜上下切面时,按下拍摄按钮进行摄像,由电脑软件输出数据。在角膜厚度图中获取角膜中央厚度,测量3次,取平均值。
1.3.2 AS-OCT检查 采用Visante OCT(VisanteTM;Carl Zeiss Meditec,Dublin,CA)进行检查。该仪器置于同一暗室,患者坐于检查台前,下颌置于下颌托上,注视镜头内的注视目标,根据患者屈光状态调整内部固视目标,检查者通过监视屏了解患者注视情况及扫描情况。扫描前调整患者的固视角,使视轴与眼轴一致,调整扫描线使其中点与角膜中央的反光点重合,选择角膜厚度测量程序,获取角膜厚度图,取角膜中央厚度数据,测量3次,取平均值。
1.3.3 超声检查(ultrasoound pachymetry,USP) 使用超声角膜测厚仪(DGH-550,US Pachymeter,Pachette,DGH Technology,Inc.,Exton,PA)进行角膜测厚。患者平躺于检查床上,滴表麻剂0.5%倍诺喜(日本参天株式会社)1~2滴,超声探头垂直对准瞳孔中心轻触角膜,测量3次,取其平均值,测量完毕后滴泰利必妥滴眼液(日本参天株式会社)。
1.4 统计学方法 所有数据用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行处理,不同方法测量角膜厚度差异采用配对t检验,相关性采用Pearson相关性分析。
2 结果
LASIK手术前,AS-OCT、Orbscan-Ⅱ(校正系数分别为0.92和0.95)、以及超声角膜测厚仪测量角膜中央厚度依次为(528.40±30.73)μm、(531.56±33.09)μm、(548.90±34.17)μm和(549.92±31.35)μm,三种检查仪测量结果有高度相关性。AS-OCT测量角膜中央厚度较超声法测量结果薄,差异有统计学意义。Orbscan-Ⅱ法采用0.92校正系数时其测量结果较超声法薄,差异有统计学意义;采用0.95的校正系数时,测量结果与超声法测量结果差异无统计学意义。
LASIK手术后第1个月,上述三种仪器的测量结果依次为(448.85±35.53)μm、(434.37±42.07)μm、(448.39±43.26)μm和(445.71±34.84)μm。AS-OCT测量角膜中央厚度与超声法测量结果相当,差异无统计学意义;Orbscan-Ⅱ法采用0.92校正系数时其测量结果较超声法薄,差异有统计学意义;采用0.95的校正系数,测量结果与超声法结果相当,差异无统计学意义。LASIK手术前、后三种方法测量角膜中央平均厚度的结果见表1,手术前、后不同方法测量角膜中央厚度比较及其相关性见表2和表3。
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