【摘要】 目的:了解手持自动电脑验光仪的准确性及在儿童屈光不正中的应用价值。方法:对27例4~16岁儿童用10g/L阿托品眼膏3次/d,连续3d,睫状肌麻痹前后,分别进行视网膜检影、NIDEK AUTO REF/KERATOME ARK30手持自动电脑验光仪验光和综合验光仪主观验光。结果:睫状肌麻痹后,手持自动电脑验光仪与视网膜检影结果间相关系数为0.980,差值均数±标准差为 0.37±0.52,95%可信区间为 0.51~ 0.23;手持自动电脑验光仪与综合验光仪主观验光结果间相关系数为0.982,差值均数±标准差为 0.37±0.49,95%可信区间为 0.51~ 0.24,以上两组配对t检验均P=0.000,均差异显著。表明在95%的测量中,结果差异均在0.50D以内。不同屈光状态下,在95%可信区间内,屈光度相差范围为远视<0.75D,近视<0.50D。结果均为手持自动电脑验光仪比视网膜检影、综合验光仪主观验光偏负值。睫状肌麻痹前由于调节的影响3种检查结果相差较大,远视结果相差比近视结果相差大。结论:睫状肌麻痹后,手持自动电脑验光仪验光和视网膜检影、综合验光仪主观验光有极高的一致性,在儿童屈光不正检查中是一种很有价值的、方便的、可靠的屈光检查工具。
【关键词】 屈光不正;视网膜检影;综合验光仪;手持自动电脑验光
Application of NIDEK handhold automated refractor for ametropia in children
He Ma, XiaoLi Kang
China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China;the First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
Abstract AIM: To realize the accuracy of automated refractor (NIDEK AUTO REF/KERATOME ARK30) and its application value to the children suffered from ametropia. METHODS: Twentyseven children aged from 4 to 16 were carried on a serious of examinations, which included retinoscopy, handhold automated refractor and phoropter subjective optometry, after treated with cycloplegia by 1% atropin eye cream three times per day for 3 days and before this treatment respectively.RESULTS: After cycloplegia, the correlation coefficient between the results of handhold automated refractor and retinoscopy was 0.980, mean difference plus(minus) standard deviation was 0.37±0.52, and 95% confidence interval was 0.510.23. The correlation coefficient between handhold automated refractor and phoropter subjective optometry was 0.982, mean difference plus(minus) standard deviation was 0.37±0.49, and 95% confidence interval was 0.51 0.24, and the examinations for above 2 sets were P=0.000. The results showed that all the difference are within 0.50D for 95% confidence interval. In different refractive states, the refraction differ scope was less than 0.75D for hypermetropia and less than 0.50D for myopia within 95% confidence interval. All the results indicated that compared with retinoscopy and phoropter subjective optometry, the automated refractor was apt to get a negative value. Before the cycloplegia , there is big difference among the three kinds of check results for modulation of lens,and the difference for hyperopia is bigger than myopia. CONCLUSION: After cycloplegia, NIDEK handhold automated refractor optometry results are consistent with retinoscopy optometry and phoropter subjective optometry, thus, it is a kind of valuable, convenient and reliable check tool for children refractive error. KEYWORDS: ametropia; retinoscopy; phoropter; handhold automated refractor
儿童屈光不正发病率高,屈光检查结果的准确性关系到视功能发育及斜视弱视的治疗效果。儿童年龄段调节力大,对屈光检查的影响大,临床常采用10g/L阿托品眼膏作为睫状肌麻痹剂来避免其对屈光检查结果的影响。综合验光仪可规范主觉验光,提高主觉验光的效率和质量。用手持自动电脑验光仪进行屈光检查适合儿童特点,操作简单方便[1]。现对4~16岁患儿睫状肌麻痹前后进行视网膜检影、手持自动电脑验光仪验光和综合验光仪主观屈光检查的结果进行比较,以便了解手持自动电脑验光仪的准确性及其在儿童屈光不正检查中的应用价值。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 2002 06/08采用门诊屈光不正连续病例27例(54眼),男15例,女12例,年龄4~16(平均10)岁,屈光范围 4.75~+9.25D。未曾配戴过眼镜,进行远近视力、眼位、眼球运动、眼前后节和屈光检查。其矫正视力均可达1.0,并排除屈光不正以外的其他眼病。
1.2方法
1.2.1自动屈光检查 采用NIDEK AUTO REF/KERATOME ARK30手持自动电脑验光仪。患儿头位固定,检查者手持自动验光仪对准受检儿童右眼瞳孔,额托靠于眉弓,侧方标志线与眼相平,打开挡板遮住未测眼,使被检眼更易固视,嘱患儿注视雾视系统中的红气球,该验光仪有自动对焦系统,检查者根据验光仪屏幕上瞳孔位置及指示信号调整自动验光仪的位置,一旦验光仪位置合适,结果可立即显示在屏幕上,满意测试5~10次后显示结束即可换测另一眼,结果可随机打印出来。测双眼1min内可完成。
1.2.2视网膜检影 用自发光带状光检影镜(苏州医疗器械厂)在暗室进行,工作距离为0.5m,要求受检儿童从检查者耳边向前平视5m远处,以0.25D为一档插片检影,柱镜度采用负柱镜片。
1.2.3主觉验光 在NIDEK REFRACTOR MODEL RT 600型综合验光仪上进行,调整瞳距及角膜顶点距离,两眼分别测量,用比屈光度高+2.00D雾视后,以 0.25D为一档,首次MPMVA(最正球镜时的最佳视力1.0),首次红绿测试,旋转交叉柱镜调整散光轴位和度数二次MPMVA,二次红绿测试,然后双眼通过偏振光片注视双行视标调至双眼平衡或主导眼占优势。 以上主客观屈光检查均为同一医师操做,检查之后用10g/L阿托品眼膏(中国医科大学附属第一医院配制)做睫状肌麻痹剂,3次/d,连续3d抹于下眼睑内,第4d采用上述方法再次进行视网膜检影、手持自动电脑验光仪验光和综合验光仪主观屈光检查。
2结果 以散瞳后检影的屈光度为标准划分屈光状态,远视>+0.75D,正视0.00~+0.75D,近视< 0.25D。柱镜度按等效球镜度数换算。对睫状肌麻痹前后不同方法所得的各受检眼等效球镜度用SPSS软件进行相关及配对t检验统计处理,结果如下。睫状肌麻痹前手持自动电脑验光仪和视网膜检影验光结果相关系数较差。屈光度相差范围远视<3.00D,正视<1.75D,近视<1.40D,电脑验光比视网膜检影负值大,差异显著(表1)。睫状肌麻痹后电脑验光与检影检查结果的相关系数高。屈光度相差范围远视<0.75D,正视<1.25D,近视<0.40D。电脑验光比视网膜检影负值大,差异显著(表2)。睫状肌麻痹前手持自动电脑验光仪验光和综合验光仪主观验光检查结果的相关系数较差。屈光度相差范围远视<1.90D,正视<1.40D,近视<0.80D,电脑验光比综合验光仪主观屈光检查负值大,差异显著(表3)。睫状肌麻痹后电脑验光与综合验光仪验光检查结果的相关系数高。屈光度相差范围远视<0.75D,正视<0.50D,近视<0.50D。总计差值均值±标准差为 0.37±0.49,95%可信区间为 0.51~ 0.24,屈光度相差范围<0.50D。电脑验光比综合验光仪主观屈光检查负值大,差异显著(表4)。 10g/L阿托品眼膏3次/d,连续3d,睫状肌麻痹前后,受调节的影响,3种检查散瞳前后结果差值较大,其中检影屈光度变化最小,综合验光仪居中,电脑验光最大。电脑电脑、综验综验散瞳前后有显著差异,检影检影散瞳前后差异不明显。电脑验光远视屈光度变化比近视和正视大,远视差值均值±标准差为2.60±2.00,95%可信区间为3.60~1.57;正视差值均值±标准差为 0.77±0.38,95%可信区间为1.12~ 0.41;近视差值均值±标准差为 0.56±0.51,95%可信区间为 0.75~ 0.37。睫状肌麻痹前后电脑验光散光轴位变化平均为13°,范围0°~94°,个别轴变化在60°~90°者为0.00~0.50D低度散光及1例球镜差为8.75D,如果把他们除外,则散光轴变化平均为8.46°,散光度变化平均为0.23D,范围0.00~0.88D。散光大多为低度,散光度越大,轴向符合率越好。电脑散光轴最精确,但散光度数比检影和综合验光仪略大。
表1散瞳前电脑验光检影验光(略)
表2散瞳后电脑验光检影验光(略)
表3散瞳前电脑验光综合验光仪验光(略)
表4散瞳后电脑验光综合验光仪验光(略)
表5散瞳前后三种验光检查(略)
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