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2.10其他
2.10.1二甲胺四环素
二甲胺四环素（minocycline）一种半人工合成的四环素衍生物，研究表明该药在细胞试验和活体试验中都有保护视网膜免于损害的作用，其机制可能与潜在的抑制活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）产物有关[61]。
2.10.2 Tris(2carboxyethyl)phosphine
Tris(2carboxyethyl)phosphine(TCEP)是一种巯基还原剂。将TCEP注入视神经损伤大鼠模型玻璃体内，达到60 μmol/L的浓度，8d后发现注射组RGCs存活数量显著高于对照组，第14d时也有类似结果，且未观测到存活的RGCs有任何由TCEP注射所致的毒性作用，故认为TCEP具有神经保护作用，巯基氧化可能是RGCs损伤后氧化反应的最终共同通路[62,63]。
2.10.3腺苷
腺苷（adenosine）腺苷是临床上常用来治疗心律失常等心脏疾病[64]。Nakatani1等[65]通过实验发现腺苷能明显减少大鼠视神经损伤后RGCs的缺失，且其作用较BDNF强，故认为腺苷可能有视神经保护作用。
2.10.4胞磷胆碱钠
胞磷胆碱钠（citicoline）是一种体内天然产生的内源性核苷，神经细胞膜的修复需要大量的胞磷胆碱钠。注射外源性的胞磷胆碱钠可促进神经细胞膜磷脂的合成。用0.1～10mol/L胞磷胆碱钠能明显增加培养小鼠视网膜RGCs的存活数量，这可能与抵制线粒体依赖有关的细胞死亡有关, 且该保护作用在细胞凋亡过程中是可逆的， 胞磷胆碱钠还可以支持受损的RGCs 神经轴突的重建[66]。用50mg/kg胞磷胆碱钠2次/d连续注射雄性大白兔7d后，发现实验组的视网膜多巴胺含量显著增高，提示该药能增强视网膜多巴胺递质的传递，并通过影响视网膜儿茶酚胺的水平来加强青光眼或弱视患者的视路功能[67]。
2.10.5巨噬细胞
巨噬细胞被认为能通过清除髓鞘碎解产物来改善轴突再生环境。实验发现巨噬细胞调理液（MCM）能明显促进培养大鼠视网膜神经细胞的存活，巨噬细胞源性因子能明显促进受损RGCs的轴突再生，且其作用强于CNTF的作用[68]。
2.10.6电刺激
电刺激在生物体内能使RGCs去极化并活化与去极化有关的信号。Morimoto等[69]分别用强度为0A、20A、30A、50A和70A的直流电刺激横断的大鼠视神经，结果发现50A的电刺激组存活的RGCs更多，故认为电刺激能呈剂量依赖性地增强大鼠RGCs的存活能力，这可能与PI3KAkt通路, MAPK通路 和Ca2+内流有关。
3小结
近几年来，对青光眼治疗方法的研究取得了很大的进步，但是大多数视神经保护途径及药剂的研究仍处于动物实验或体外实验阶段。相信在广大科学家及医学工作者孜孜不倦的追求下，青光眼视神经的保护方法必然能研究得更加透彻，理想的视神经保护药物将会应用于临床，为广大青光眼患者服务。
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